Ab initio Calculations of Electron-Impact Excitation Cross Sections for N_2 Molecule

One of the great difficulties in understanding nitrogen plasma elementary processes is the lack of an available database of the cross-sections of electron-impact excitations and radiations. Ab initio calculations of vibrational excitation cross sections for electron collisions with nitrogen molecules in low-lying states using similarity function approach, such as a-a＇, a-w, B-B＇ and B-W transition systems, are reported here for the first time. In the meantime, the average excitation energies of neighboring levels of these systems have been calculated. In order to obtain the cross sections, accurate spectroscopic constants and transition dipole moments have been investigated. Potential energy curves and other electronic transition dipole moments for the low-lying states of N2 have been re-evaluated using complete active space self-consistent field （CASSCF） approach with aug-cc-pVqZ basis set. The calculated cross-sections could provide a database for studying the elementary processes and the properties in N2 plasma.     

Cs(6P)激发态的辐射及与Ne碰撞的能量转移

应用激光吸收和荧光方法,测量了Cs(6P)态与Ne碰撞的精细结构转移和碰撞猝灭截面.Cs原子被激光激发到6P3/2态,将与泵浦激光束反向平行的检测激光束调到6PJ→8S1/2的跃迁,测量6PJ激发态的密度及空间分布,由此计算了6PJ→6S的有效辐射率.在T=337 K和Ne密度0.5×1018＜N＜4×1018cm-3范围内测量了6P1/2→6S1/2(895 nm)发射的敏化荧光强度I895,量N/I895与N有抛物线型的关系,表明6PJ的猝灭是由于与Ne原子的碰撞产生的,而不是由与Cs基态原子碰撞产生的.由最小二乘法确定的二次多项式的系数得到6P态与Ne碰撞精细结构转移截面σ21=(1.90±0.82)×10-19 cm2,猝灭截面σD=(8.97±3.85)×10-19 cm2.     

Modeling and performance analyses of evaporators in frozen-food supermarket display cabinets at low temperatures

This paper presents modeling and experimental analyses of evaporators in “in situ” frozen-food display cabinets at low temperatures in the supermarket industry. Extensive experiments were conducted to measure store and display cabinet relative humidities and temperatures, and pressures, temperatures and mass flow rates of the refrigerant. The mathematical model adopts various empirical correlations of heat transfer coefficients and frost properties in a fin-tube heat exchanger in order to investigate the influence of indoor conditions on the performance of the display cabinets. The model is validated with the experimental data of “in situ” cabinets. The model would be a good guide tool to the design engineers to evaluate the performance of supermarket display cabinet heat exchangers under various store conditions.     

电镜超薄切片批量染色的新方法

超薄切片染色是透射电镜生物样本制备中的关键环节。本文介绍了一种透射电镜超薄切片染色的新方法,利用简单自制的染色液防污存储与批量染色装置,可对超薄切片载网进行批量化染色,不但极大提高染色效率,而且减少了染色过程中染色液、样品的污染,达到染色液的重复利用,同时减少重金属对操作者的伤害和对环境的污染。     

Energy Deposition around Swift Carbon-Ion Tracks in Liquid Water

Energetic carbon ions are promising projectiles used for cancer radiotherapy. A thorough knowledge of how the energy of these ions is deposited in biological media (mainly composed of liquid water) is required. This can be attained by means of detailed computer simulations, both macroscopically (relevant for appropriately delivering the dose) and at the nanoscale (important for determining the inflicted radiobiological damage). The energy lost per unit path length (i.e., the so-called stopping power) of carbon ions is here theoretically calculated within the dielectric formalism from the excitation spectrum of liquid water obtained from two complementary approaches (one relying on an optical-data model and the other exclusively on ab initio calculations). In addition, the energy carried at the nanometre scale by the generated secondary electrons around the ion’s path is simulated by means of a detailed Monte Carlo code. For this purpose, we use the ion and electron cross sections calculated by means of state-of-the art approaches suited to take into account the condensed-phase nature of the liquid water target. As a result of these simulations, the radial dose around the ion’s path is obtained, as well as the distributions of clustered events in nanometric volumes similar to the dimensions of DNA convolutions, contributing to the biological damage for carbon ions in a wide energy range, covering from the plateau to the maximum of the Bragg peak.     

基于面向时间过程的静态安全分析

针对传统静态安全分析基于单一时间断面、无法细致反映系统状态变化的不足,本文提出了一种面向时间过程的静态安全分析方法。首先介绍了面向过程方法的基本概念。充分利用丰富的电力系统测量和负荷预测数据信息,提取了描述每个时间断面的特征向量;结合电力系统负荷连续变化的特点,通过改进的K-means聚类分析技术,对负荷曲线进行了时间过程的划分。定义了提取时间子过程最大特征断面和最小特征断面的指标,并对特征断面的显著代表性进行了研究。在保证电网安全稳定的前提下,本文方法可一定程度上提高传输线路的利用率。最后,IEEE30节点算例表明面向时间过程静态安全分析方法的合理性和有效性。     

埋地热油管道埋深对土壤温度场的影响

长输管道沿线地质、水文等条件不同,管道埋深差别较大。相应埋深处的自然地温及管道周围的温度场也不同。若只考虑平均或当量深度来进行管道计算,会产生很大误差。使用数值方法将所考虑的数值模型更接近于实际冻土地质条件和非线性特性就显得格外重要。采用有限单元法,对不同埋深条件下的管道周围土壤温度场进行三维数值计算,结果表明,管道温度变化在一定程度上受埋深影响,尤其在冻土地区,地埋温差与管道周围土壤温差较大。     

钻孔变截面灌注桩施工技术研究与应用

在软土地基中提高钻孔灌注桩承载力的根本途径是施工变截面桩。在总结施工凹凸桩工法的基础上，建议在软土地基普遍推广应用变截面桩。     

控制鱼糜制品中蔗糖含量的新策略

鱼糜制品因其健康和方便食用的特性而广受消费者喜爱。蔗糖常常作为冷冻保护剂和甜味剂添加到鱼糜及其制品中,以改善其低温抗冻特性和风味。然而,传统鱼糜制品的糖含量普遍偏高,这与当前追求健康的消费理念不符。如何在降低糖含量同时保证鱼糜制品的贮藏和感官特性是目前鱼糜工业生产面临的一个重大挑战。本文探讨了蔗糖在鱼糜加工贮藏中发挥的作用,分析了鱼糜制品减糖加工工艺存在的问题以及鱼糜蛋白低温下发生冷冻变性的机制。在此基础上,本文从3个方面综述了国内外降低鱼糜制品糖含量的最新研究进展:新型抗冻剂的应用、新型甜味剂的应用、物理加工技术的应用,并对减糖策略的发展方向进行了相关预测,以期为生产健康和低糖鱼糜制品加工提供理论依据。     

一种检测运行栈与静态数据区重叠的新方法

嵌入式系统中由于内存限制,容易出现运行栈和数据区重叠的错误。已有的两种检测该错误的方法在准确性和易用性方面存在缺陷,不适用于基于软件模拟器的大规模回归测试。文章通过改变运行栈与静态数据区的布局,将运行栈与静态数据区重叠的错误转化为运行栈超越内存地址空间的错误。新方法大大简化了这种运行时错误的检测和调试。