北洋政府时期长芦缉私营领导指挥体制述论

长芦缉私营为长芦盐区专门负责查缉私盐、维护芦盐产销、保护长芦盐税收入的武装组织。它组建于晚清时期,北洋政府时期得到扩编整编。规模逐渐扩大,各种营制逐步建立健全。其中,其领导指挥体制的发展更显示了其时代特征。该项体制分为上级领导体制和内部指挥系统两种。其上级领导体制在晚清时期实行长芦盐运使一元负责制。到北洋政府时期,随着“善后大借款”五国银行团令北洋当局组建的盐务稽核总所和长芦盐务稽核分所介入长芦盐政的管理,长芦缉私营的上级领导体制由一元领导走向盐务稽核所及长芦运使二元领导制。该营的内部指挥系统主要由缉私统领、管带、队官、队长构成。随着北洋军阀势力的消长,长芦缉私统领也频繁更迭,见证了那个时代的风云变幻。     

REVIEWS AND THINGS CRYPTOLOGIC

Abstract

This paper analyses the organization of the Government Code and Cypher School (GC &; CS) at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. The complexities and peculiarities of the organization are overviewed and a periodization provided. The main focus is on the pivotal 1942 reorganization, which is explained in terms of the changing scale of GC &; CS following the successful attack on the Enigma machine cipher, and in terms of organizational politics. The more minor 1944 reorganization is also described.     

ALAN TURING'S VISIT TO DAYTON

Recently declassified documents from the “Crane Collection” at the National Archives (USA) reveal much of the purpose of Alan Turing's visit to the United States during the Winter of 1942–1943. The “Bombe Correspondence” file contains Turing's “Visit To National Cash Register Corporation of Dayton, Ohio” and additional material which places this report and his earlier “Treatise on the Enigma” in the context of his role as consultant to the U. S. Navy Cryptanalytic Section (Op-20-G) on the design of the Navy Bombe and other related matters. The documents in this collection reveal a productive and decisive relationship between Turing and Op-20-G dating from the visit of the Sinkov mission to Bletchley Park in February 1941.     

城市行政建制制度发展的逻辑:日韩的经验

城市建制变迁发展看似上层政府政策的偶然产物,其实政策背后有城市自身的深层逻辑支撑.政治及其制度变量决定城市制度的变迁进程缓与急.城市行政建制制度演进体现在城市的服务与距离、规模与自治能力、规模与效能的三重逻辑中,文章就此展开论述日本和韩国的城市制度变迁的基本经验.围绕行政权力,或为应对城市问题解决,演绎出城市行政建制制度发展的不同轨迹.     

政府采购信息管理系统探究

政府采购快速发展的同时伴随着资金效率低下、信息不透明、权力腐败等问题，政府采购管理信息管理系统作为监管的有效途径得到政府高度重视。通过回顾我国政府采购信息管理系统的发展历程，分析其现状，找出系统面临需突破的问题，并提出相应的解决对策，以促进政府采购信息管理系统进一步发展。     

E-voting in Jordan: Assessing readiness and developing a system

The aim of this paper to outline the E-voting system readiness and design in Jordan, the researcher’s illustrate the guideline for developing and designing E-voting system in Jordan election. Moreover the paper used TAM model to test the Acceptance of the proposed system from voter’s perspective and the readiness of the system to be used.     

THE DIPLOMACY OF SECURITY: BEHIND THE NEGOTIATIONS OF ARTICLE 18 OF THE SINO-AMERICAN COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT

In early February, 1942, Commander M. E. Miles proposed the establishment of a radio intelligence unit in China. His proposal led to the creation of Naval Group China (NGC), the umbrella organization for units that performed weather forecasting, advised and trained Chinese guerillas, and intercepted and analyzed Japanese radio traffic. NGC was part of the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO). Most of the commitments of China and NGC were formalized on 15 April 1943 with the signing of the Sino-American Cooperative Agreement (SACO). Article 18 required further delicate negotiations between Miles and General Tai Li, head of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (China's secret service). Miles was soon trapped between his commitment to Tai Li and Joseph Wenger's concern that any intercepted traffic shared with the Chinese would quickly become available to the Japanese via insecure Chinese codes. Fleet Radio Unit, China (FRUCHI) resolved this dilemma.     

Generative Design Methods and the Exploration of Worlds of Formal Possibility

Five decades after Ivan Sutherland first launched ‘SketchPad’, computer-aided design has entered the engineering mainstream. That strand in architectural computing which pursues the potential of generative design systems has, however, followed an entirely different course. Here Philip Steadman , Emeritus Professor of Urban and Built Form Studies at the Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London (UCL), criticises such approaches, and instead argues for a ‘design science’ that lays out worlds of possible plans and forms from which designers can choose.     

突发公共卫生事件中卫生部门的作用探讨

为处理好突发公共卫生事件,通过总结南京汤山食物中毒时卫生部门所遇到的问题,探讨在实际操作中如何充分发挥卫生部门的作用,供各级卫生部门参考。     

化工企业工作环境安全投资的影响因素分析

以边际效益理论为基础对企业安全投资过程进行了分析,通过对安全程度水平变化的边际效益和边际成本比较分析,找到最优的安全投入决策点.认为合理地进行工作环境安全投资是提高化工企业安全生产水平和创造经济效益的重要手段.在此基础上具体分析了化工企业对工作环境的安全认识、化工企业员工的安全意识及安全行为的规范和政府规制等因素对化工...