我国汽车与环境协同发展进程中主要矛盾与发展方向研究

本文对我国目前汽车的污染物排放特征进行了研究,对各类汽车污染物排放的历史数据进行了分析、总结与建模,对未来排放趋势进行了预测,并对我国未来汽车与环境协同发展进程中的瓶颈与主要矛盾进行了总结与梳理,提出了适用于我国的汽车与环境协同发展路线与重点发展方向,给出了相应的发展建议与控制对策。     

Supply chain network equilibrium with revenue sharing contract under demand disruptions

Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination, which has been studied extensively in recent years. For a supply chain network model, contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too ideal to obtain the network equilibrium state in practical market competition. In order to achieve equilibrium, we introduce revenue sharing contract into a supply chain network equilibrium model with random demand in this paper. Then, we investigate the influence on this network equilibrium state from demand disruptions caused by unexpected emergencies. When demand disruptions happen, the supply chain network equilibrium state will be broken and change to a new one, so the decision makers need to adjust the contract parameters to achieve the new coordinated state through bargaining. Finally, a numerical example with a sudden demand increase as a result of emergent event is provided for illustrative purposes.     

Coordination control of greenhouse environmental factors

Optimal control of greenhouse climate is one of the key techniques in digital agriculture. Greenhouse climate, a nonlinear and uncertain system, consists of several major environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and CO₂ concentration. Due to the complex coupled correlations, it is a challenge to achieve coordination control of greenhouse environmental factors. This paper proposes a model-free coordination control approach for greenhouse environmental factors based on Q-learning. Coordination control policy is found through systematic interaction with the dynamic environment to achieve optimal control for greenhouse climate with the control cost constraints. In order to decrease systematic trial-and-error risk and reduce the computational complexity in Q-learning algorithm, case-based reasoning (CBR) is seamlessly incorporated into the Q-learning process. The experimental results demonstrate that this approach is practical, highly effective and efficient.     

窗口流量控制的干线动态协调控制方法

城市交通干线在高峰时期经常处于饱和状态,排队车辆溢出至上游交叉口的"死锁"现象时有发生.为避免干线阻塞、提高饱和条件下干线交通流的运行效率,首先提出一种有效带宽评价方法对已有干线绿波协调控制系统的运行状态及控制效果进行监控;其次借鉴TCP/IP窗口流量控制思想,设计一种窗口流量控制的干线动态协调控制方法,控制城市干线拥挤交通流.模拟试验及对比结果表明,通过窗口流量通告的方式,下游交叉口可以向上游交叉口实时告知路段的有效容量,便于各交叉口信号机根据当前的交通需求及路段的有效容量重新分配各股车流的绿灯时间.     

Deployment algorithms for a power‐constrained mobile sensor network

This paper presents distributed coverage algorithms for mobile sensor networks in which agents have limited power to move. Rather than making use of a constrained optimization technique, our approach accounts for power constraints by assigning non‐homogeneously time‐varying regions to each robot. This leads to novel partitions of the environment into limited‐range, generalized Voronoi regions. The motion control algorithms are then designed to ascend the gradient of several types of locational optimization functions. In particular, the objective functions reflect the global energy available to the group and different coverage criteria. As we discuss in the paper, this has an effect on limiting each agent's velocity to save energy and balance its expenditure across the network. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

C语言程序设计研究型教学实践

C语言程序设计是计算机科学与技术以及相关专业的一门重要专业基础课,但长期以来,教与学的效果不尽人意。本文从研究与教学的关系,教学模式与教学观念的转变,协同学习模式的建立,教学内容的改革,评价体系的构建以及教学手段的改革等方面,全面阐述了C语言研究型教学实践活动。     

“团队协作,角色分工”个性化教学在课改中的探索——以网页设计与制作课程教学为例

本文介绍作者根据霍兰德职业兴趣模型建立的职业兴趣与项目角色模型,阐述在教学过程中采用的"团队协作,角色分工"个性化教学改革,并对教改的得失进行初步总结。     

Effects of gender differences on the subjective perceived intensity of steering wheel rotational vibration based on a multivariate regression model

The aims of this study were to determine equal sensation curves for hand–arm steering wheel rotational vibration and to investigate the effect of gender on the subjective perceived intensity of steering wheel hand–arm vibration. Psychophysical response tests of 40 participants (20 males and 20 females) were performed using a steering wheel rotational vibration simulator using the category-ratio Borg CR10 scale procedure for direct estimation of perceived intensity. The test stimuli were sinusoidal vibrations at 22 third octave band centre frequencies in the range from 3 to 400 Hz, with acceleration amplitudes in the range from 0.04 to 27 m/s² r.m.s. Multivariate regression procedures were applied to the experimentally acquired data in order to establish a regression model expressing the Borg CR10 perceived intensity values as a function of the two independent parameters of the frequency and amplitude of vibration. The equal sensation curves suggested a non-linear dependency of the subjective perceived intensity on both frequency and amplitude. Females were found to provide higher Borg CR10 perceived intensity values than males (p < 0.05), particularly at the higher intensity levels above approximately 1.0 m/s² r.m.s and at the higher frequencies above approximately 20 Hz.

Relevance to industry

For the manufacturers of steering systems and of other automobile components this study provides vibration perception curves and identifies the possible importance of gender towards the perception of vibration which arrives at the steering wheel.     

Application of the QFD as a design approach to ensure comfort in using hand tools: Can the design team complete the House of Quality appropriately?

Quality Function Deployment is proposed as an effective design method to integrate ergonomics needs and comfort into hand tool design because it explicitly addresses the translation of customer needs into engineering characteristics. A crucial step during QFD concerns the linking of engineering characteristics to customer needs in the House of Quality by the design team. It is generally assumed (looking at all the QFD success stories) that design teams can accurately predict the correlations between customer needs and engineering characteristics (also referred to as “Whats”/“Hows” correlations). This paper explicitly tests this assumption by comparing the “Whats”/“Hows” correlations estimated by a design team with those observed in a systematic user evaluation study, which has not been done before. Testing the assumption is important, because inaccurate estimates may lead to ergonomically ineffective (re)design of hand tools and a waste of company resources. Results revealed that the design team's correlation estimates were not as accurate as is generally assumed. Twenty-five percent of the estimates differed significantly with those observed in the user evaluation study. Thus, QFD is a useful method to assist design teams in designing ergonomically more comfortable hand tools, but only on the condition that the correlations between customer needs and engineering characteristics are validated, preferably by means of a systematic user evaluation study.