FORMATION AND FLOW OF GAS BUBBLES IN A PRESSURIZED BUBBLE COLUMN WITH A SINGLE ORIFICE OR NOZZLE GAS DISTRIBUTOR

The characteristics of gas bubbles in a 5 cm diameter bubble column equipped with a single orifice of 1,3 or 5 mm diameter were investigated under system pressure of 0.1-15 MPa. The formation of gas bubbles was strongly affected by the system pressure. Under high pressures a dispersed gas jet was formed at gas velocities where spherical gas bubbles would have been formed at atmospheric pressure. The critical gas velocity between the bubbling regime and the jetting regime was correlated with the liquid phase Weber number and the gas phase Reynolds number based on the gas velocity at the orifice. Bubble size and gas holdup in the main part of the bubble column were also affected by the bubble formation pattern at the distributor     

高聚合度聚氯乙烯的加工性能

本文对高聚合度聚氯乙烯(H-PVC)的发展及其优异的物理机械性能作了简要介绍;着重分析了H-PVC的加工性能和表征方法,并讨论了分子特性和颗料特性及加工组成、加工条件对加工性能的影响,提出了改进H-PVC加工性能的方法。     

Towards adaptive learning with improved convergence of deep belief networks on graphics processing units

In this paper we focus on two complementary approaches to significantly decrease pre-training time of a deep belief network (DBN). First, we propose an adaptive step size technique to enhance the convergence of the contrastive divergence (CD) algorithm, thereby reducing the number of epochs to train the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) that supports the DBN infrastructure. Second, we present a highly scalable graphics processing unit (GPU) parallel implementation of the CD-k algorithm, which boosts notably the training speed. Additionally, extensive experiments are conducted on the MNIST and the HHreco databases. The results suggest that the maximum useful depth of a DBN is related to the number and quality of the training samples. Moreover, it was found that the lower-level layer plays a fundamental role for building successful DBN models. Furthermore, the results contradict the pre-conceived idea that all the layers should be pre-trained. Finally, it is shown that by incorporating multiple back-propagation (MBP) layers, the DBNs generalization capability is remarkably improved.     

我国节能减排的现状、问题与解决路径-一个文献综述

我国的节能减排问题日趋突出。本文从文献梳理角度对我国节能减排的现状、存在的问题以及解决路径进行了述评。研究显示,我国节能减排潜力巨大,节能减排效率低下。直接原因是由于我国产业结构、外贸结构、FDI 结构以及技术结构不合理造成的,但其背后更深层次的原因主要体现在：（1）GDP锦标赛下政治晋升制度的不合理导致了环境的负外部性;（2）激励与约束机制不完善导致政府缺乏节能减排的动力;（3）分税制的不完善导致了我国产业结构的不合理。为此,我们需要从优化产业结构、调整外贸结构、弱化 FDI的“污染避难所”效应以及增强技术进步效应入手,通过改革 GDP 锦标赛下政治晋升制度、完善激励与约束机制、调整财税体制等途径解决我国节能减排问题。     

A NOTE ON THE REDUCED EFFICIENCY OF THE INDUSTRIAL CYCLONE

In this paper a theoretical investigation into the basis of the reduced efficiency of a conical cyclone is performed. By considering the flow in a region where viscosity is unimportant an analytical solution to the problem is obtained. From this model the performance of the cyclone is evaluated and this can be expressed in terms of three operating and design parameters. One of these parameters is the split ratio, that is the proportion of the volume of fluid entering the cyclone which goes to the underflow. It is demonstrated mathematically that the empirical formula for the reduced efficiency at present in common use is a very good absolute measure of the separating ability of a cyclone.     

Practical Design Model for Calculating Bubble Diffuser Contactor Ozone Transfer Efficiency

Ozone transfer to water or wastewater is necessary before desirable, effective ozone reactions occur. Several factors affect ozone transfer efficiency, including water quality characteristics, contactor configuration, and applied ozone characteristics. The design model presented in this paper addresses all factors affecting ozone transfer. The model was used to compare measured transfer efficiency with predicted transfer efficiency at four full-scale wastewater ozone disinfection facilities. A relatively good prediction was obtained at each plant.

The paper presents an example calculation of ozone transfer efficiency. Also, the effect of changes to some of the factors affecting transfer efficiency is presented, such as changes in diffuser depth, plant elevation, ozone concentration, water quality (i.e., ozone demand), pH, detention time, temperature, and acombination of factors. The design model may be used to evaluate the effect of changes in plant design on transfer efficiency, but cannot provide an absolute value for transfer efficiency until difficult-to-measure parameters, such as bubble diameter, are known.     

基于模块化模型的自适应预失真技术

系统地比较和分析了OFDM传输系统里高功率放大器（HPA）预失真方法的优缺点,提出一种基于模块化模型的有记忆高功率放大器自适应数字预失真方法,该方法分别基于Wiener、Hammerstein和Wiener-Hammerstein模型各自构成一个有记忆HPA的自适应预失真器。从而避免了因分别估计Wiener-Hammerstein模型各个环节特性参数所带来的复杂性。使得有记忆高功率放大器的预失真设计变得简单了。     

用金属卟啉络合物引发合成高分子量聚醚

介绍了用四苯基卟啉铝络合物催化体系合成高分子量聚醚的方法。该聚合过程显示出一种持续特性。产物具有均一的链长和极窄的分子量分布，且数均分子量Ｍｎ可通过改变单体与引发剂的摩尔比来控制。     

精密金属焊接坏点的视觉识别方法研究与仿真

研究高精密金属焊接坏点准确视觉识别的问题.由于高精密金属焊接坏点的颜色特征与金属本身特征相似,而在坏点很小并且与外部环境过于类似的干扰下,传统的基于像素差异的识别结果不精确,一旦焊接坏点分布的过于集中,干扰将更大,导致焊接坏点识别准确性降低.为解决上述问题,提出一种新的计算机视觉的高精密金属焊接坏点识别方法.采集高精密金属焊接坏点计算机视觉图像,针对金属图像进行特征提取,并对提取的特征进行离散小波变换处理,获取增强处理后的视觉图像.根据增强处理后的视觉图像特征值,获取高精密金属焊接坏点的分布密度,计算焊接坏点的空间位置,实现高精密金属焊接坏点识别.实验结果表明,利用改进算法进行高精密金属焊接坏点识别,能够提高识别的准确率,并且获取焊接坏点在高精密金属制品中的分布位置,为高精密金属制品的生产质量提供保障.