以技术创新为动力,加速化工高新技术产业化

在总结１９９８年我省化工技术创新工作的基础上,提出了１９９９年高新技术产业化意见。     

On uniform integrability and asymptotically risk-efficient sequential estimation

In the theory of asymptotically risk-efficient sequential estimation, one encounters uniform integrability of both positive and negative powers of stopping rules and moment convergence of randomly stopped statistics. We describe a simple approach to obtain these uniform integrability and moment convergence results, not only in the classical setting of i.i.d. observations but also for much more general stochastic sequences. We also use this approach to establish asymptotic risk efficiency of sequential estimators of means of stochastic sequences and to derive asymptotic approximations for the mean squared errors of ratio estimators.     

The pH of CO2-saturated water at temperatures between 308 K and 423 K at pressures up to 15 MPa

We report pH measurements for CO₂-saturated water in the pressure range from (0.28 to 15.3) MPa and temperatures from (308.3 to 423.2) K. Commercially available pH and Ag/AgCl electrodes were used together with a high pressure equilibrium vessel operating under conditions of precisely controlled temperature and pressure. The results of the study indicate that pH decreases along an isotherm in proportion to −log₁₀(x), where x is the mole fraction of dissolved CO₂ in H₂O. The expanded uncertainty of the pH measurements is 0.06 pH units with a coverage factor of 2. The reported results are in good agreement with the literature in pressure ranges up to 16 MPa at temperatures below 343 K. An empirical equation has been developed to represent the present results with an expanded uncertainty of 0.05 pH units. We also compare our results with a chemical equilibrium model and find agreement to within 0.1 pH unit.     

EFFECT OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS ON VENTILATION PERFORMANCE IN A DRY ROOM

ABSTRACT

The characteristics of moisture ventilation in a dry room are studied numerically. The effects of three important parameters: the positions of outlets, the aspect ratio (β) of horizontal section and the air exchange rate (N), are analyzed in terms of the scales of ventilation efficiency. Ventilation performance is evaluated by varying the aspect ratio and the air exchange rate for the four different outlet arrangements. It is found that the ventilation performance is improved when the aspect ratio in the transverse arrangement of outlets is decreased. Ventilation efficiency reaches its highest value when β is set to be 4 in the longitudinal arrangement of outlets. Regardless of the aspect ratio, the upper arrangement of the outlets shows a better ventilation performance than the lower arrangement. For all geometrical models and aspect ratios investigated in this study, the increase of the air exchange rate for improving the ventilation performance is only valid up to 60 h^?1.     

Osmotic Dehydration of Apple Cylinders: I. Conventional Batch Processing Conditions

Osmotic drying was carried out, with cylindrical samples of apple cut to a diameter-to-length ratio of 1:1, in a well-agitated large tank containing the osmotic solution at the desired temperature. The solution-to-fruit volume ratio was kept greater than 30. A modified central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used with five levels of sucrose concentrations (34–63°Brix) and five temperatures (34–66°C). Kinetic parameters weight reduction (WR), moisture loss (ML), solids gain (SG) were considered. A polynomial regression model was developed to relate moisture loss and solids gain to process variables. A conventional diffusion model involving a finite cylinder was also used for moisture loss and solids gain, and the associated diffusion coefficients were computed. The calculated moisture diffusivity ranged from 8.20 × 10^?10 to 24.26 × 10^?10 m²/s and the solute diffusivity ranged from 7.82 × 10^?10 to 37.24 × 10^?10 m²/s. Suitable ranges of main parameters were identified for OD kinetics further study.     

A rapid measurement of rutin-degrading enzyme activity in extract of tartary buckwheat seeds

In order to measure rutin-degrading enzyme activity conveniently, we have developed an isoabsorptive spectrophotometric method (ISM) for rapidly monitoring rutin-degrading enzyme (RDE) activity in extract of tartary buckwheat seeds. This technique uses discrepancy in absorbency at 372 nm and 344.5 nm, both of which are isoabsorptive wavelengths of rutin, that allow for calculations of quercetin concentrations, which is the only product of the reaction catalyzed by RDE. With this method, extracts containing RDE from buckwheat seeds were analyzed, and the measured data indicated that the sample contained quercetin concentration of 9.909 μg/ml, 8.04 times and 18.08 times greater than negative control (1.232 μg/ml) and positive control (0.548 μg/ml), respectively. ISM results of measuring rutin-degrading enzyme activity in tartary buckwheat seeds correlate with those of HPLC. However, it is beneficial to HPLC as it presents a more convenient and rapid method.     

SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS BY REDOX MOLECULAR SIEVES

High-throughput synthesis and screening of libraries consisting of redox zeolites and molecular sieves have been developed for the selective oxidation of 2-butyl-5-hydroxymethyl-imidazole to the corresponding aldehyde in the liquid phase. Libraries consisting of 96 catalysts were prepared and screened for catalytic activity using high-throughput software, robotics, reactor, and screening technologies. The integrated synthesis and screening workflow allowed ～5000 samples to be screened in less than one month. Promising hits identified in the high-throughput primary screens were successfully scaled up and optimized in conventional laboratory test units. Best results have been obtained with doubly or triply doped mesoporous sieves containing both an impregnated and framework-substituted metal. PtBi-doped framework-substituted V-MCM-41 redox mesoporous sieves were found to be efficient catalysts for aerobic oxidation under relatively mild reaction conditions (100–150°C, 15–400 psi air, 4–10 h reaction time). MIBK/H₂O/t-BuOH mixtures were identified as efficient solvent systems for this reaction. Isolated yields confirm high selectivities of more than 90% with quantitative conversions. Spent catalysts were shown to be fully regenerable by high temperature calcination in air.     

精馏过程中气-液比条件的工程意义

精馏生产技术的关键是确保过程中气-液比如何接近最优条件,通过各技术参数和气-液比之间的关系,研究了如何判断气-液比条件,如何调节气-液比条件的方法和技术措施。     

Viscoelastic behavior of nanotube-filled polycarbonate: Effect of aspect ratio and interface chemistry

A combined experimental and modeling study on the solid-state rheology of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/polycarbonate composites as a function, independently, of MWNT aspect ratio and interface chemistry was carried out. Shorter aspect ratio nanotubes lead to greater broadening of the loss modulus peak in frequency space, but there was no effect of aspect ratio on the glass transition temperature. The breadth of the loss modulus peak was found to correlate with the free space parameter, a measure of the spacing between the MWNTs. A new model that accounts for the aspect ratio and distribution in a representative volume element was developed to study these parameters in a controlled setting where morphology was precisely known. Micromechanics modeling was found to correlate well with experimental data. These results shed light on the separate impacts of aspect ratio, dispersion, and interface modification on the solid-state rheology of nanofilled polymers.     

Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of 4.8 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material in lithium-ion batteries

In this work the synthesis of a nickel doped cubic manganese spinel has been studied for application as cathode material in secondary lithium batteries. Six different experimental approaches have been tested in order to carry out a screening of the various possible synthetic routes. The used synthetic strategies were wet chemistry (WC), solid state (SS), combustion synthesis (CS), cellulose-based sol-gel synthesis (SG-C), ascorbic acid-based sol-gel synthesis (SG-AA) and resorcinol/formaldehyde-based sol-gel synthesis (SG-RF). The goal of our study is to obtain insights about how the synthesis conditions can be modified in order to achieve a material with improved electrochemical performances in such devices, especially in high current operating regimes. The synthesized materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) atomic emission spectroscopy, surface area measurements and tested as high voltage cathodes in Li-ion electrochemical devices.