Phase equilibria in InAsSbP quaternary alloys grown by liquid phase epitaxy

The quaternary alloy InAs_1−x−ySb_xP_y, lattice-matched to InAs, is a promising material for the production of infrared light sources for the detection of gases in the 2–4 μm region of the spectrum. In this work, thermodynamic phase equilibrium calculations have been carried out to determine the compositions required for liquid phase epitaxial growth and the extent of the miscibility gap in the solid material. For high band gap materials, the desired growth temperature is found to be intermediate between a low temperature required to grow P-rich solids and higher temperatures required to avoidspinodal decomposition. Conventional LPE growth at an intermediate temperature of 583°C is found to produce good material with high luminescence efficiency and excellent optical characteristics. Problems with phosphorus loss from the melt are also discussed and lower growth temperatures are found to considerably reduce this problem. Growth in the metastable region between the binodal and spinodal lines has been achieved with the production of phosphorus-rich solids with concentrations up to y = 0.445.     

Regarding the influence of the Van der Hoven spectrum on wind energy applications in the meteorological mesoscale and microscale

We demonstrate the use of high frequency data (HFD) to reproduce the power spectrum shown by Van der Hoven in 1957. His work represents the basis of wind energy standards such as averaging and variability in the frequency domain. Our results unveil discrepancies with Van der Hoven's approach, which can be related to constraints in the computing capabilities in the 1950's. We show a major eddy-energy peak at a period of 2 days and a smaller eddy-energy peak contribution at frequencies higher than the region known as the spectrum gap. The variance calculated by the area under the curve indicated that the spectral energy is mainly due to the Power Spectral Density (PSD) values located in the microscale region. We calculated the economic value of this energy based on the turbulence kinetic energy of the wind data set. We also conclude that, given the results of the present study, HFD analysis in the frequency domain uncover eddy energy peaks that determine energy fluctuations in the short and long terms. This information is lost every time data are erased from current monitoring systems.     

Thermodynamic-behaviour model for air-cooled screw chillers with a variable set-point condensing temperature

This paper presents a thermodynamic model to evaluate the coefficient of performance (COP) of an air-cooled screw chiller under various operating conditions. The model accounts for the real process phenomena, including the capacity control of screw compressors and variations in the heat-transfer coefficients of an evaporator and a condenser at part load. It also contains an algorithm to determine how the condenser fans are staged in response to a set-point condensing temperature. The model parameters are identified, based on the performance data of chiller specifications. The chiller model is validated using a wide range of operating data of an air-cooled screw chiller. The difference between the measured and modelled COPs is within ±10% for 86% of the data points. The chiller’s COP can increase by up to 115% when the set-point condensing temperature is adjusted, based on any given outdoor temperature. Having identified the variation in the chiller’s COP, a suitable strategy is proposed for air-cooled screw chillers to operate at maximum efficiency as much as possible when they have to satisfy a building’s cooling-load.     

An experimental study on bubble growth within a narrow space under an interference‐piece

An experimental study was performed on the nucleate boiling of water in the narrow space formed between an interference piece and the heating surface of heat‐proof glass. A past study analyzed the bubble growth due to the conduction of heat through the thinner liquid layer under a growing bubble; however, the thickness of the liquid layer was not shown experimentally. This study investigates the thickness of this thinner layer by the interference method. Almost no change was found on the thickness of the liquid layer under both the interference‐piece and on the heating surface. The experimental results indicate the great contribution of superheating of the test liquid to bubble growth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(2): 165–177, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20100     

多效回热降膜蒸发式太阳能液体除湿空调溶液再生器的稳态实验

设计了一种具有多效回热可用于太阳能液体除湿空调系统的溶液再生器,用碘钨灯作为模拟太阳光源对系统进行了稳态实验,得到出口浓度与光辐射强度、溶液流量、强迫对流风速和入口溶液浓度的关系曲线,给出了系统性能系数与太阳光强度的关系,并对装置的传热传质关系作了简化计算,对影响系统性能的其他因素也进行了分析。实验结果表明,由于系统采用了多效回热措施,系统的回热率相对太阳辐射能来说达到32%。由实验结果估计,在晴好天气条件下,该系统每天每平方米集热器可处理LiBr溶液量(47%～52%)约86kg。     

Effects of a kind of non-smooth blade on the performance of an axial fan

This paper presents an experimental investigation of effects of a kind of streamwise-grooved blade on theperformance of an axial-flow fan.The flow field at 25% chord downstream from the trailing edge at hub wasmeasured using a 5-hole pressure probe at different mass-flow conditions.The fan performance of the grooveblades was compared with that of the smooth blades.The measurement results indicate that:(1)the non-smoothblades increase mass flow of the fan at the same throttle conditions except a near stall condition;(2)thenon-smooth blades reduce the relative total pressure loss in the rotor passage and increase the fan's total pressurerise at the test mass-flow conditions except the near stall condition;(3)Negative benefits are obtained at a nearstall condition when the smooth blades are replaced by the non-smooth ones.The fan mass flow decreases 0.9%while the total-pressure rise decreases 2.4% at the near stall condition.     

Thermal performance of an electrochromic vacuum glazing

Using a three-dimensional finite volume model, the thermal performance of an electrochromic vacuum glazing was simulated for insolation intensities between 0 and 1200 W m⁻². The electrochromic evacuated glazing simulated consisted of three glass panes 0.5 m by 0.5 m with a 0.12 mm wide evacuated space between two 4 mm thick panes supported by 0.32 mm diameter pillars spaced on a 25 mm square grid contiguously sealed by a 6 mm wide metal edge seal. The third glass pane on which the electrochromic layer was deposited was assumed to be sealed to the evacuated glass unit. The simulations indicate that when facing the indoor environment, the temperature of the glass pane with the electrochromic layer can reach 129.5 °C for an incident insolation of 600 W m⁻². At such temperatures unacceptable occupant comfort would ensue and the durability of the electrochromic glazing would be compromised. The glass pane with the electrochromic layer must therefore face the outdoor environment.     

灰分对循环流化床锅炉的影响

根据粒径分布将燃料灰分为飞灰、循环灰及底灰,它们有不同的燃烧和传热特点;灰的含量及特性对循环流化床锅炉的性能和运行产生影响,锅炉结构设计应予以充分考虑。     

油焦浆枪的雾化性能及在电厂中的应用

介绍一种利用炼油厂下脚料油焦与水混合制作的油焦浆混合物及其特性,并简要介绍了将油焦浆替代电厂燃油时油焦浆枪的雾化性能、运行性能及在电厂中的实炉应用效果.结果表明,油焦浆枪雾化及运行性能良好,用油焦浆替代燃油不仅可行,而且效益可观.     

热泵系统性能评价方法的探讨

基于热力学第一定律,反映热泵能量数量关系的性能指标-供热系数,在用于评价热泵系统节能效益及对热泵系统进行可行性评价的问题上,存在一定的局限性。本文对这一问题进行了分析。在此基础上,根据热力学第二定律,提出了以热泵系统单位火用损供热率作为其性能评价指标的思想。以此作为热泵系统的性能评价指标,更科学、更客观。