发展中的角色转换--上海居住板块变迁及其对城市空间形态演化的影响

居住板块的变迁作为城市居住空间发展的主要表现之一，对城市整体空间形态的演化起到了举足轻重的作用。而上海居住板块的变迁既显示出上海与其它城市共有的特点，而更突出的却是它的个性表现。文中主要回顾了1990年代以来上海居住板块变迁的主要历程及其在城市空间形态演化中的角色转换，并简要分析了促成这一发展和转换过程的动力所在。从中我们可以清楚地看到居住在当前城市发展中扮演着越呆越重要的角色。     

万类霜天竞自由--从商品化市场看住宅环境与设计新特点

当前,在住宅开发热潮中,从住宅环境到住宅单体,设计水平与市场观念有很大提高。整理归纳最新的北京住宅小区设计资料,搜寻住宅环境与设计的新特点——卖点,并结合住宅设计理论,对住宅环境景观及空间设计及住宅单体设计的主要特点和手法加以归纳总结,进行初步研究,分析设计得失,总结经验教训,以期指导工程实践。     

Wall relative humidity: a simple and reliable index for predicting Stachybotrys chartarum infestation in dwellings

Because the indoor mold Stachybotrys chartarum has been considered as potentially responsible for serious health effects, its identification in dwellings with water damages is of utmost importance. As such dwellings are many, it would be of great value to have a simple and reliable index for predicting its presence. The aim of the study was to compare measurements of wall relative humidity (RH) to mold identification in 458 samples from 100 dwellings. Mold identification was performed by direct microscopic examination of a sample collected on the wall by the gummed paper technique. Mean (+/- s.d.) wall RH (%) was much higher (97.0 +/- 6.1) on the 30 samples where S. chartarum was identified compared with the 291 samples where other molds were identified (41.8 +/- 36.9) and to the 137 samples where no molds were identified (38.9 +/- 34.8). There was no straightforward relationship between wall and room RH. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrate that the simple measurement of wall RH can be used as a reliable index for discarding and suspecting S. chartarum infestation in dwellings. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This paper suggests that very high relative humidity (RH) within walls is a strong risk factor for their infestation with the 'toxic mold' Stachybotrys chartarum. Besides, data from the literature demonstrate that other molds are able to produce mycotoxins when RH is very high. Thus, measurement of wall RH, which is easy to perform and very cheap, could be used as a screening tool to select those dwellings where mold identification should be performed and remediation should be promptly carried out.     

The future of Dutch housing associations

This paper discusses the future of the social rented sector in the Netherlands. There are several reasons why the position of this sector is currently under close scrutiny. Whereas attention to social rented housing had lapsed by the start of this century, the growing housing shortage and stagnation in the restructuring of older urban areas brought this sector back into the political spotlight. Also the European Commission is having a major impact on the future position of the sector. The Commission has ordered the Dutch Government to establish a level playing field by abolishing the privileges of the housing associations. Against this background, this paper discusses the possible tasks and proper functioning of the Dutch housing associations.     

What types of neighbourhoods are redlined?

This paper presents a case study of lending behaviour in the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. It shows what types of neighbourhoods are redlined by analyzing redlining data of the two largest suppliers of mortgage loans and comparing it to social-demographic and housing market data at the neighbourhood level. Although this approach cannot explain redlining, it can show which factors are related to lending behaviour. Low income, unemployment and ethnicity are strongly positively correlated to redlining. A discriminant analysis shows that the interaction between low income, unemployment or ethnicity on the one hand, and the average value of sold units on the other hand can best approximate redlining. Lastly, this paper also highlights the importance of scale. Manuel B. Aalbers formerly at: Amsterdam institute for Metropolitan and International Development Studies (AMIDSt), University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands     

浙江沿海地区新农村住房设计研究初探——以台州玉环县为例

该文通过对台州玉环县新农村住房设计进行总结,归纳了目前浙江沿海地区新农村住房设计的特点和形成的制约条件,并探讨了如何针对这些制约条件有效的展开住房设计,总结了一套研究方法,最后结合这次住房设计实践提出了一些关于新农村住房设计的思考。     

Equilibrium between interest payments and income in the housing market

The literature on housing markets suggests that house prices in almost all western economies can be explained by short-run demand-oriented variables and a long-run term. The basic principles of the theory are that the short-run fluctuations, which are based on recent price developments (shocks), occur due to market imperfection, while over the long term, causality with such fundamentals as income will recover. Nonetheless, many of the interesting questions in housing economics concern adjustments toward equilibrium. This paper seeks to identify a long-run equilibrium between interest payments and household income (interest-to-income ratio) instead of between house prices and income (price-to-income ratio).

重庆节能住宅的实践与探索

文章介绍了重庆位宅在能耗方面的现状，并以两个典型生态住宅项目在设计和开发阶段的节能措施为例，总结重庆市在建筑节能方面的努力和取得的成果。     

Housing intermediary services in China: the rise and fall of ‘Fang Wu Yin Hang’

Housing reforms in China are often conceived to have engendered a gradual shift towards a market system. New institutions have been introduced to enable decentralized, monetarized and privatized allocation of housing units. This study explores the emergence, growth and downfall of an intermediary service (known as ‘fang wu yin hang’) created spontaneously by real estate agents to facilitate housing transactions in the Chinese cities. Although this new institution looked capable of strengthening the rationality, efficiency, transparency and impersonality of China’s housing market, it was abandoned soon after its inception. The failure of this transient service suggests the presence of some social institutions, which could have blocked China’s progress towards a full-fledged market system in the housing sector.

Mortgage interest deductibility and homeownership in the Netherlands

This paper considers the growing amount of mortgage interest paid in the Netherlands against the background of its full fiscal deductibility, increasing homeownership rates, innovation in the mortgage market, and changes in the Dutch income tax system. Its main conclusion is that arguments in favor of fiscal deductibility are weak. Since the deductibility puts pressure on the income tax base, it is likely that sooner or later the facility must be limited or abandoned.