New sesquiterpenes fromMaytenus species (Celastraceae). Taxonomic and chemotaxonomic considerations concerning chileanMaytenus

Three new dihydro--agarofuran sesquiterpenes from two species ofMaytenus were isolated and their structures were elucidated by means of¹H and¹³C NMR studies. The differences and similarities noted in the chemical content of the dihydro--agarofuran sesquiterpenes from the fourMaytenus species from Chile are in line with the taxonomic characterization of these species; their geographical distribution is also given.     

β-Phellandrene: kairomone for pine engraver,Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

The responses ofIps pini (Scolytidae) to multiple-funnel traps baited with the pheromone, ipsdienol, and various monoterpenes were determined in stands of lodgepole pine in southern and central British Columbia.Ips pini was attracted to both ipsdienol and -phellandrene, demonstrating that -phellandrene is a kairomone for this species.Lasconotus complex (Colydiidae) and aCorticeus sp. (Tenebrionidae) were attracted to both ipsdienol and -phellandrene. TheCorticeus sp. exhibited a synergistic response to the combination of ipsdienol and -phellandrene; the responses of the other two species to the combination were additive. The predators,Thanasimus undatulus, Enoclerus sphegeus, andE. lecontei (Cleridae), were attracted to ipsdienol-baited traps, whileMonochamus clamator (Cerambycidae) andDendroctonus ponderosae (Scolytidae) were attracted to -phellandrene. Attraction of all eight species increased with increasing release rates of ipsdienol and/or -phellandrene.     

改进的细菌觅食优化算法求解0-1背包问题

细菌觅食优化算法作为一种新兴的智能优化算法,一般用来解决连续域的问题。为了解决离散域问题,提出了一种改进的细菌觅食优化算法。采用线性递减的思想和随机的游动长度代替固定步长和随机游动方向,改进了趋向性操作方案,并将其应用于解决0-1背包问题。将改进的细菌觅食优化算法与遗传算法、离散粒子群优化算法及基本的离散化细菌觅食优化算法分别在小规模和大规模的0-1背包问题上进行了仿真比较,表明了改进的细菌觅食优化算法能取得较好的效果,寻优能力强。     

Fluorescence of poly(di-n-alkylsilane)s in room-temperature solution

A comprehensive study of the electronic absorption and emission spectra and the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of seven poly(di-n-alkylsilane)s and of three isotopically labelled poly(di-n-hexylsilane)s in hydrocarbon solution at room temperature is reported. Also reported are fluorescence polarization and carbon tetrachloride quenching of fluorescence of poly(di-n-hexylsilane). The observed fluorescence spectra, quantum yield, and polarization depend on the selected excitation energy in a very characteristic fashion, whereas the fluorescence lifetime does not; however, it depends on the selected emission energy. These characteristic dependencies are qualitatively accounted for by the previously proposed segment distribution model if one assumes that the photophysical behavior at higher excitation energies is strongly affected by the presence of a low-lying weakly allowed state in short-segment chromophores and the behavior at lower excitation energies is dictated by the selective excitation of emitting long-segment chromophores.     

An EXAFS study of the Mo/TiO2 hydrodesulphurization catalysis

In-situ EXAFS studies of sulphided Mo/TiO₂ catalysts have shown that at low Mo loadings (2–4 wt%), an active species with a short Mo-S distance of 2.25 Å is formed, while on Mo/TiO₂ with high Mo loadings as well as on Mo/-Al₂O₃, bulk MoS₂ (Mo-S, 2.42 Å) is formed. The species with the short Mo-S distance has Mo in an oxidation state close to 6 + and is likely to result from the sulphidation of the tetrahedral molybdate species present in the oxidic precursor at low Mo loadings. The calcination temperature of the oxidic precursor appears crucial, a high calcination temperature of 973 K favouring the formation of MoS₃ on sulphidation, and a low calcination temperature of 623 K favouring MoS₂.Contribution No. 790 from the Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit.     

求解0-1背包问题的混合贪婪遗传算法

求解0-1背包问题（KP）的最优解的时候,传统遗传算法（GA）的局部求精能力不足而简单局部搜索算法的全局探索能力有限,针对上述问题,将这两个算法整合并提出了混合贪婪遗传算法（HGGA）。在GA全局搜索框架下增加局部搜索模块,并改进传统仅基于物品价值密度的修复算子,增加基于物品价值的贪婪混合选项,从而加速寻优过程。HGGA一方面引导种群在进化的优质解空间中展开精细搜索,另一方面依靠GA的经典操作算子开拓全局搜索空间,从而达到算法求精能力和开拓能力的良好平衡。HGGA分别在三组数据上做了测试,结果表明在第一组15个测试用例中的12个上,HGGA能够百分百找到最优解,成功率达到80%;在第二组小规模数据集上,HGGA的性能明显好于其他同类GA和其他元启发算法;在第三组大规模数据集上,HGGA较其他元启发式算法具有更好的稳定性和高效性。     

基于加权平滑l_0范数的单快拍波达方向估计

针对现有基于压缩感知的DOA估计算法估计精度不高的问题,提出一种基于加权平滑l0范数的单快拍DOA估计算法。所提算法采用一种新的加权方式,在构造一个恰当的平滑连续函数后,根据接收数据的初始解确定一个合适的递减的{σ}序列[σ_1,σ_2,?,σ_J],并对每一个σ值,用最速下降法来求解l0范数的逼近函数H_σ(S)的最小值;然后将该σ值作为下一次迭代的初始值,并在每次迭代开始时更新权值,通过多次的迭代获得逼近函数的最小解,即逼近的最小l0范数。通过仿真实验表明所提算法可对DOA进行有效估计,且容易实现、精度较高,与未加权的改进平滑l_0范数DOA估计方法相比具有更好的估计性能。     

基于匈牙利法和遗传算法的多传感器管理与控制模型

针对多传感器的管理与控制问题,建立了一个多目标规划模型,以方差对4种相对均衡性进行衡量,通过对4种方差赋予多组不同的权值并进行线性加权求和,构造出单目标函数,从而将多目标规划模型转化为单目标的0-1规划模型。针对问题的数据规模较大的实际情况,采用了一种改进的匈牙利法,缩小了寻找可行解的搜索空间,求得了初始可行解,进而利用遗传算法对初始可行解进行优化计算,最后得到了均衡性相对较好的控制方案。     

直缝焊管焊缝质量电磁超声检测方法研究

为实现直缝焊管焊缝内缺陷检测,采用周向电磁超声SH0导波检测技术,研究了基于磁致伸缩效应激励周向SH0模态导波,确定了周向SH0导波激励频率,设计了一款一发双收差分接收的直缝焊管焊缝缺陷检测探头。结果表明:该系统能够激发单一模态周向SH0导波,实际波速与模型分析结果吻合;针对直径116 mm、壁厚3.5 mm的激光直缝焊管焊缝的Φ0.6 mm盲孔和Φ1.0 mm通孔,通过差分探头的信号处理,能够实现焊缝处Φ1.0 mm通孔和Φ0.6 mm盲孔缺陷的检测。     

Analytical study of surface and bulk oxidation of Astroloy

Nickel-base alloys, such as Astroloy, used for aeronautical turbine disks, are sensitive to time-dependent cracking in environments containing oxygen. The mosaic structure of the alloy consisting islands (200 nm average size) surrounded by the -phase (100 nm thick) induces complex oxidation phenomena. Various analytical approaches allow the delineation of all the steps from segregation to oxidation occurring on the surface of such a duplex structure. The protection of Astroloy by its outer oxide layer against oxygen penetration was studied also, using alternative ¹⁶O₂ then ¹⁸O₂ oxidation. In association with STEM studies, it is shown that the outer oxide scale is not a real barrier against oxygen penetration and that inner precipitation of chronium (+ aluminium and titanium)-enriched oxides, takes place especially in the structure.