Oxidation of graphene-modified HfB2-SiC ceramics by supersonic dissociated air flow

The oxidation resistance of ultra-high-temperature ceramic material (HfB₂-30 vol%SiC)-2 vol%rGO (rGO: reduced graphene oxide) under long-term exposure (2000s) to a supersonic air flow has been studied. The ceramics were obtained by reactive hot pressing of HfB₂-(SiO₂-C)-rGO composite powder at a temperature of 1800°C (pressure 30 MPa, holding time 15 min, Ar). The surface temperature of graphene-modified ceramics under the influence of heating by high-enthalpy air flow (heat flow q reached 779 W·cm^–2) did not exceed 1700°C, which is 650–700°C less than for the HfB₂-30 vol%SiC baseline ceramics. This may be related to an increase in the efficiency of heat transfer from the sample to the water-cooled module, due to the higher thermal conductivity of the rGO-containing material. Thereby, a decrease in the material degradation degree has been noted, i.e. decrease in the recession rate and decrease in the total thickness of the oxidised ceramic layer by tenth. The peculiarities of the oxidised surface and near-surface region microstructure upon aerodynamic heating of the graphene-modified ceramic material, have been shown.     

Cu-Zn-Al-Zr催化剂在CO_2加氢制甲醇反应中的性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu-Zn-Al-Zr复合氧化物催化剂用于CO2加氢制甲醇反应。与工业用Cu-Zn-Al催化剂进行了比较,同时进行了Cu-Zn-Al-Zr催化剂稳定性试验和试验前后样品的物化表征。结果表明:在相同的反应条件下,用Cu-Zn-Al-Zr催化剂的甲醇收率较用Cu-Zn-Al催化剂得到显著提高;在200 h的稳定性试验中,Cu-Zn-Al-Zr催化剂显示较好的催化稳定性;催化剂诱导期性能的下降归因于金属Cu晶粒的长大和表面沉积物的形成,而催化剂中的微孔分布对反应影响不显著。     

Experimental Design Applied for Cost and Efficiency of Antioxidants in Biodiesel

Oxidation stability is a parameter of great importance for biodiesel quality control to both producers and subsequent consumers. To maintain the quality of biodiesel, currently the most effective and economical method is the addition of antioxidants that prevent or retard the biofuel oxidation reaction. In this study, efficiency and cost of synthetic antioxidants added to B100 biodiesel from soybean oil and pork fat were evaluated, using butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), in pure form or in mixtures, according to a simplex-centroid mixture experimental design. Results demonstrate an increased induction period (IP) in all trials when compared to the control sample, and TBHQ was the only antioxidant alone that met all the specification standards, while BHT and BHA alone met only the American standard specifications. The antioxidant mixture that presented the highest synergistic effect was that of TBHQ and BHA. Multi-response optimization indicated an optimum formulation containing 75 % TBHQ and 25 % BHA with an IP of 7.27 h at 110 °C and the antioxidant mixture cost of 31.31 USD, to be added for a ton of biodiesel. This simplex-centroid mixture experimental design shows an ability to be applied in the biodiesel, oils and fats industry to evaluate the oxidation stability and the occurrence of synergism between different mixtures of synthetic or natural antioxidants and their costs.     

回转窑托轮轴瓦温度过高原因及处理方法

回转窑托轮轴瓦发热是一种常见问题,会影响到回转窑的运转率。论述了托轮轴瓦发热原因及处理措施。     

基于MRAS理论的无速度传感器直接转矩控制调速系统

在MRAS理论基础上讨论了三种转速观测法,并将其中既能实现电机转速辨识又能实现定子电阻辨识的交互式模型参考自适应方法应用于异步电机无速度传感器直接转矩控制中.该方法能较好地解决电机参数变化对调速精度和系统稳定性影响的问题,仿真结果证明了该方案的有效性.     

异步电机起动/发电系统的研究

简述了国民经济各个领域对异步电机发电和起动/发电技术的需求.结合对18kW某起动/发电系统的研究工作,阐述了异步电机起动/发电系统中的三个关键技术:异步电机发电的瞬时转矩控制技术、起动和发电的系统综合设计技术、宽转速范围内提供恒压电功率技术.这些关键技术使系统大大提高了发电的动静态品质和起动性能.例如:输出电压在突加突卸71%的额定负载时,电压变化小于8V,恢复时间仅为10ms,大大低于美军标恢复时间20～30ms的规定;.这些初步的研究成果显示了异步电机一旦和现代电力电子技术控制理论相结合,将会获得许多优良的品质.异步电机发电技术和起动/发电技术将会在飞机、坦克、装甲车等国防工业中,在混合动力汽车民用工业中,在风力发电中得到广泛应用,是对国民经济影响较大、值得关注的技术.     

异步电动机运动电动势控制

根据机电能量转换原理和坐标变换理论,证明通过相坐标系到两相正交坐标系的变换异步电动机实现了变压器电动势和运动电动势作用的解耦;转子磁场定向不仅实现了电磁转矩和磁链的解耦,而且实现了转子变压器电动势和运动电动势的解耦;转矩控制可以通过控制转子运动电动势来实现;异步电动机变频调速可以归结为对转子运动电动势的控制.并进一步提出基于运动电动势控制的转子磁场定向控制系统,仿真结果证明该方法的动态性能与传统的矢量控制相同,为异步电动机的速度控制提供了一条有效途径.     

异步电机并联运行磁场定向控制

针对两台电机参数和负载不一致的情形,在原有单台电机磁场定向矢量控制模型的基础上,推导出适合一个逆变器控制两台电机的磁场定向控制模型.该方法考虑了电机参数的不同及电机定子电流的不一致,基于转子平均磁链进行定向,以两台电机的定子平均电流为控制目标,定子电流的d轴分量控制平均转子磁链,q轴分量控制平均电磁转矩.理论分析、仿真结果和实验结果表明了该控制方法的正确性和可行性.     

45钢坯锻前感应加热的有限元模拟分析

对45钢坯锻前感应加热的过程进行了模拟分析,在模拟过程中考虑到了端部磁力线的逸散和工件的运动,得到了工件温度随时间的变化曲线;并分析了感应加热整个温升过程的特点与影响因素。结果表明有限元模拟结果和实际工程应用基本一致。     

FeNi@SiO2磁性纳米复合粒子的制备及磁热性能

大量制备磁热性能优异的磁性纳米粒子对磁热疗和组织复温的生物学应用具有理论价值.本研究通过高温电弧法制备FeNi磁性纳米颗粒,通过超声-沉降分级筛分得到平均粒径为80 nm的FeNi纳米颗粒,通过溶胶-凝胶法得到平均粒径为100 nm,SiO2壳层厚度为15～20 nm的FeNi@SiO2纳米复合粒子.超导量子干涉仪测定...