论研究性学习在使用精品课程建设中的效能

研究性学习是促进大学生学习能力发展的重要学习方式,建立"以学生为主体、以教师为主导"的基于探索和研究的教学模式,激发每个学生的特长和潜能,在精品课程的建设中要更好地推行研究性学习,必须有效整合各项资源,为大学生提供良好的学习环境。     

Faster ARMA maximum likelihood estimation

A new likelihood based AR approximation is given for ARMA models. The usual algorithms for the computation of the likelihood of an ARMA model require O(n) flops per function evaluation. Using our new approximation, an algorithm is developed which requires only O(1) flops in repeated likelihood evaluations. In most cases, the new algorithm gives results identical to or very close to the exact maximum likelihood estimate (MLE). This algorithm is easily implemented in high level quantitative programming environments (QPEs) such as Mathematica, MatLab and R. In order to obtain reasonable speed, previous ARMA maximum likelihood algorithms are usually implemented in C or some other machine efficient language. With our algorithm it is easy to do maximum likelihood estimation for long time series directly in the QPE of your choice. The new algorithm is extended to obtain the MLE for the mean parameter. Simulation experiments which illustrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm are discussed. Mathematica and R packages which implement the algorithm discussed in this paper are available [McLeod, A.I., Zhang, Y., 2007. Online supplements to “Faster ARMA Maximum Likelihood Estimation”, 〈http://www.stats.uwo.ca/faculty/aim/2007/faster/〉]. Based on these package implementations, it is expected that the interested researcher would be able to implement this algorithm in other QPEs.     

Truth-Telling Reservations

We present a mechanism for reservations of bursty resources that is both truthful and robust. It consists of option contracts whose pricing structure induces users to reveal the true likelihoods that they will purchase a given resource. Users are also allowed to adjust their options as their likelihood changes. This scheme helps users save cost and the providers to plan ahead so as to reduce the risk of under-utilization and overbooking. The mechanism extracts revenue similar to that of a monopoly provider practicing temporal pricing discrimination with a user population whose preference distribution is known in advance.     

Parallel and distributed simulation of sediment dynamics in shallow water using particle decomposition approach

This paper describes the parallel simulation of sediment dynamics in shallow water. By using a Lagrangian model, the problem is transformed to one in which a large number of independent particles must be tracked. This results in a technique that can be parallelised with high efficiency. We have developed a sediment transport model using three different sediment suspension methods. The first method uses a modified mean for the Poisson distribution function to determine the expected number of the suspended particles in each particular grid cell of the domain over all available processors. The second method determines the number of particles to suspend with the aid of the Poisson distribution function only in those grid cells which are assigned to that processor. The third method is based on the technique of using a synchronised pseudo-random-number generator to generate identical numbers of suspended particles in all valid grid cells for each processor. Parallel simulation experiments are performed in order to investigate the efficiency of these three methods. Also the parallel performance of the implementations is analysed. We conclude that the second method is the best method on distributed computing systems (e.g., a Beowulf cluster), whereas the third maintains the best load distribution.     

变水量空调二次泵供水系统效率优化策略研究

目前空调二次泵供水系统的节能主要采用变流量调节技术,改变流量的方法除台数控制外还有泵的变速调节.随着变频技术的发展.采用变频调速泵不仅调节范围大且节能效益高.为了使空调供水系统更好地节能,确定二次泵变频调速运行的高效区,采用始终约束二次泵工作在其高效区,使泵运行轴功率最小化的建模方法,根据非线性规划建立二次泵效率优化模型.通过模型求解,给出二次泵在不同配置方式下的效率优化策略.该策略是实时的,能够满足不同条件下优化运行的要求,通过对定速泵的台数控制及变频调速泵的速度调节达到节能的目的,控制方法简单,节能效果明显.该策略对二次泵的控制具有指导意义.     

Biomechanical evaluation of bike power saver

Bike power saver (BPS) is a new product that claims to change the angle of pedaling forces and reduce applied power dead range (Chic Sheng Industrial Co., Ltd, Taiwan, China). In order to determine its effectiveness, we quantified how BPS operates through a 3D kinematical study and electromyography (EMG) analysis of leg muscles during pedaling. Ten kinesiology students participated in this study. A 3D motion capture system consisting of nine high-speed cameras (VICON v8i, a capture rate of 120 frames/s) was used to collect the total body and pedal motion with and without BPS at statically determined low, middle and high intensity cycling levels. The short-time test (14s) was applied to all intensity levels while the long-time test (30 min) was applied only to the low wattage level. Wireless EMG was synchronized with the 3D motion capture system to monitor the right and left tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, quadriceps and hamstring. The results revealed that BPS did not alter hip and knee movement significantly (p>0.05), but it did vary ankle movement. BPS caused a movement change in the pedals, and consequently induced instability in ankle control. The altered pedal movement led to an increase in activity level and presumably also energy expenditure for dominant muscles, resulting in a faster fatigue process. From these data, it is likely that the BPS actually requires more effort than a standard bike.     

如何实现合同网上审批

合同审批是每个企事业单位的重要工作之一,每个合同的签订都需要经过相关职能部门的审核,这个过程往往要花费较长的时间,但随着计算机网络、通信网络、软件技术的不断发展和进步,通过网上审批合同来提高工作效率、节约成本、增强顾客满意度已成为现实。本文从合同网上审批的研发背景、系统功能、系统结构、系统特点及其带来的效益等方面进行论述,并对该系统存在的困难、未来发展趋势等进行分析。     

含储能参与的日前市场价值公平分配机制

现有的节点边际电价机制中,由于传统发电商具有市场操控力,当储能独立参与市场出清时,各发电商采取策略性报价,打压并挤占储能电站的市场份额,阻碍了储能电站参与市场出清,间接导致市场出清总成本增大。为此,文中提出一种包含传统机组以及储能电站参与的市场竞争机制。首先,分析现有市场结算机制的弊端以及阻碍储能参与市场出清的原因;其次,建立含储能参与的市场出清模型,采用样本均值近似求解二阶段随机规划模型;接着,基于VCG结算机制,提出适应储能参与的日前市场价值分配机制;最后,提出解决激励相容而造成的系统收支不平衡问题的策略。文中采用修改后的IEEE30节点为例,证明该机制满足激励相容、收支平衡以及削弱传统发电商的市场操控力等性质,同时储能的参与将会减小系统出清总成本,降低市场价格剧烈波动的风险。     

Experimental investigation on carbon steel micro-rod machining by LS-WEDT

This article proposed for the first time the method of the low-speed wire electrical discharge turning (LS-WEDT) combined with the multiple cutting strategy to fabricate carbon steel micro-rods. First, the rotating apparatus submerged in working fluid is designed and manufactured to enable the low-speed wire electrical discharge machine to generate cylindrical geometries. Besides, material removal rate, surface roughness, and machining precision of the micro-rod manufactured by the LS-WEDT are, respectively, investigated. Moreover, the surface microstructure and surface chemical reaction of micro-rods are characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Experimental results display that the micro-rod of 70?µm diameter and 1000?µm length can be successfully fabricated. More importantly, the mean absolute diameter deviation of the micro-rod fabricated by LS-WEDT is 0.65?µm and the surface roughness is 0.53?µm, which identified the high machining precision and good surface quality of the micro-rod.     

Efficient estimation of a semiparametric dynamic copula model

A new semiparametric dynamic copula model is proposed where the marginals are specified as parametric GARCH-type processes, and the dependence parameter of the copula is allowed to change over time in a nonparametric way. A straightforward two-stage estimation method is given by local maximum likelihood for the dependence parameter, conditional on consistent first stage estimates of the marginals. First, the properties of the estimator are characterized in terms of bias and variance and the bandwidth selection problem is discussed. The proposed estimator attains the semiparametric efficiency bound and its superiority is demonstrated through simulations. Finally, the wide applicability of the model in financial time series is illustrated, and it is compared with traditional models based on conditional correlations.