Formation and Phase Behavior of Winsor Type III <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis>-Based Microemulsion Systems

The formation and phase behavior of Jatropha curcas-based microemulsion systems, which could potentially be used in enhanced oil recovery applications, has been investigated. Winsor type III microemulsions were obtained by adding n-octane to Winsor type I microemulsion systems prepared using various concentrations of alkyl polyglucoside (APG). To optimize the formulation of type III microemulsion systems, five different types of co-surfactants, i.e. normal butyl alcohol (NBA), isobutyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, fatty acid alcohol C8 (FAC8) and fatty acid alcohol C8/C10 (FAC8/C10) were used. The microemulsion phase behavior was determined along with particle size distributions by dynamic light scattering measurements. Results show that the optimum Winston type III system can be achieved by mixing 3 wt% of NBA, 1 wt% APG and 3 wt% NaCl. At the optimum formulation, the IFT reached a minimum value (0.016 mN/m) and formed very small emulsion droplets with a narrow particle size distribution.     

Influence of coalescence and interfacial tension on the morphology of PP/HDPE compatibilized blends

In this paper, the compatibilization of polypropylene (PP)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blend was studied through morphological and interfacial tension analysis. Three types of compatibilizers were tested: ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM), ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) and styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS). The morphology of the blends was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The interfacial tension between the components of the blends was evaluated using small amplitude oscillatory shear analysis. Emulsion curves relating the average radius of the dispersed phase and the interfacial tension to the compatibilizer concentration added to the blend were obtained. It was shown that EPDM was more efficient as an emulsifier for PP/HDPE blend than EVA or SEBS. The relative role of interfacial tension reduction and coalescence reduction to particle size reduction was also addressed. It was observed that the role of coalescence reduction is small, mainly for PP/HDPE (90/10) blends compatibilized by EPDM, EVA or SEBS. The results indicated that the role of coalescence reduction to particle size reduction is lower for blends for which interfacial tension between its components is low at compatibilizer saturation.     

端面粘贴包覆火药界面粘结强度研究

包覆火药装药控制燃气生成速率，降低弹性温度系数，提高弹丸初速的效果部分来自于包覆层的作用，对预制包覆层端粘包覆火药，其包覆层的厚度，密度，强度等性能已根据弹道和装药表确控制，包覆层与基药的界面粘结度就决定了包覆层控制燃气生成速率的有效性和可靠性，它是检验端面粘贴包覆火药工艺质量的关键指标，本文采用落锤实实验检包覆火药的界面结强度，研究了粘结工艺条件对端面粘贴包覆火药界面粘结强度的影响，通过实验选择出了合适的粘结剂及粘结工艺条件，制备了界面粘结强度良好的端面粘贴包覆火药。     

加压湿壁塔内的气液传热传质

本文研究了加压条件下空气水系统在湿壁塔内同向流动时传递行为。分析中考虑了界面处气相混和物非理想行为及剪切应力的影响,忽略传质对气体运动影响。提出了计算加压条件下气侧局部传热传质系数关系式,并对两相加压下传递行为进行系统地分析。分析结果表明,采用常压计算方法进行加压传热传质计算,将产生较大的偏差。     

城市应急避难场所与城市绿地建设结合途径的探讨

从中国城市绿地与应急避难场所的设计和建设特点入手，结合中国城市绿地的实际情况，分析了两者结合的可能性和优劣势，并探讨了适应中国城市发展的城市绿地与应急避难场所相结合的原则及设计方式。提出两者建设结合应遵循统筹规划、安全优先、平灾结合、改建结合的4大原则，并对系统分类、空间布局、交通布局、地形设计及利用、内部设施利用、植物种植等结合途径进行探讨，为城市应急避难绿地的研究和建设提供参考。     

河北某稀有多金属矿选矿试验研究

河北省某碱性长石花岗岩铷矿,稀有金属以铷为主,伴生有锂、铯、铌、钽。铷和铯以类质同象的形式赋存于钾长石和铁锂云母中,锂主要以铁锂云母形式存在。铌钽主要以独立矿物存在于铌钽铁矿中。采用"弱磁-强磁-浮选云母-长石石英分离"的联合选矿工艺流程,最终可获得Nb_2O_5品位3 241g/t、Ta_2O_5品位1 091g/t、Nb_2O_5回收率54.32%、Ta_2O_5回收率45.45%的铌钽铁精矿。Rb_2O品位11 941g/t、Li_2O品位25 220g/t、Cs_2O品位2 265g/t、Rb_2O回收率28.51%、Li_2O回收率75.89%、Cs_2O回收率54.77%的云母精矿。Rb_2O品位2 276g/t、Rb_2O回收率54.58%的长石精矿以及SiO_2品位98%以上的石英精矿。回收铷等稀有金属矿的同时,云母、长石、石英亦得到了分选回收与综合利用。     

某铜钨矿中白钨矿的低温浮选效果优化

湖南某铜钨矿建厂时制定的是常年不变的浮钨药剂制度,而矿浆温度的变化会显著影响钨浮选指标,因而选矿厂每年深秋至次年初春钨浮选指标都不理想。为了稳定选矿厂的钨回收效果,减少钨资源的浪费,提升企业的经营业绩,以该选矿厂的铜硫混浮尾矿为试样,进行了选钨药剂制度优化研究。结果表明：新型组合捕收剂ZL-B+LDZ适合该试样中白钨矿的低温浮选,在矿浆温度为10 ℃时,ZL-B与LDZ的质量配合比以3∶2为佳,随着矿浆温度的升高,可通过逐步减少LDZ的用量、增加ZL-B的用量来适应矿浆温度的变化,以获得稳定的、理想的钨精矿指标;在ZL-B+LDZ与现场捕收剂ZL-B用量相当、矿浆温度为10 ℃的情况下,不仅精矿钨品位提高了0.97个百分点,而且钨回收率大幅度提高了25.67个百分点。     

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Fatty Amine Polyoxyethylene Ether Diethyl Disulfonate for Enhanced Oil Recovery in High‐Temperature and High‐Salinity Reservoirs

To enhance oil recovery in high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs, a novel fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether diethyl disulfonate (FPDD) surfactant with excellent interfacial properties was synthesized. The interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle at high temperature and high salinity were systematically investigated using an interface tension meter and a contact angle meter. According to the experimental results, the IFT between crude oil and high‐salinity brine water could reach an ultra‐low value of 10^?3 mN m^?1 without the aid of extra alkali at 90°C after aging. The FPDD surfactant has strong wettability alternation ability that shifts wettability from oil‐wet to water‐wet. The FPDD surfactant with a high concentration also has good emulsion ability under high‐temperature and high‐salinity conditions. Through this research work, we expect to fill the lack of surfactants for high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs and broaden its great potential application area in enhanced oil recovery.     

驱油用聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面特性研究

使用 TRACKR全自动液滴界面张力仪测量了不同试验条件下十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面扩大、缩小时的流变特征及界面张力 ,开发出了用以表征液膜强度的界面黏弹性 E的测量方法。在十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺界面形成稳定的过程中界面 (扩张 )黏弹模量不断增加 ,并逐渐达到恒定 ,其中弹性成分所占比例远大于黏性成分即 E′>E″。考察的聚合物浓度范围为 5 0～ 2 0 0 0 mg/ L ,界面黏弹模量从 1 7.6提高到 3 0 .6m N·m-1。放置 3 d后的聚合物溶液界面黏弹模量保留率为 82 .8%。实验结果表明聚合物浓度变化对界面张力影响不显著。     

Tuning the interfacial reaction between CaO–SrO–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2 sealing glass–ceramics and Cr-containing interconnect: Crystalline structure vs. glass structure

In this paper, Al₂O₃ was added to CaO–SrO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ sealing system to tailor the structure of sealing glass–ceramics and glass–ceramics/metal interfacial reaction. The addition of alumina in glasses contributes to increasing fraction of bridging oxygen in silica tetrahedral as well as the change in boron environment from three-fold to four-fold (BO₄ → BO₃). The devitrification tendency of glasses also decreases with increasing Al₂O₃ content. The condensed glass structure and increasing residual glass content play opposite roles on the interfacial reaction, consequently resulting in a maximum fraction of Cr⁶⁺ in reaction couples between Cr₂O₃ and glass containing 6 mole% Al₂O₃ at 700 °C. In addition, the good bonding can be observed at the interface between Cr-containing interconnect (Crofer 22APU) and glass containing 4 mole% Al₂O₃, held at 700 °C for 100 h. The reported results support the suitability of the prepared glass–ceramics as sealing materials for SOFC applications.