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21.
The effects of moisture, temperature, and ultraviolet (UV) light on performance of natural‐fiber–plastic composites (NFPC) were assessed. We conducted short‐term tests in the laboratory and long‐term tests under natural exposure and measured changes in mechanical properties and color in samples of the composite. Chemical changes of the composite's materials were measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanisms of chemical transformations on the material surface. Relative humidity highly affected the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE), and had a greater effect than temperature and UV exposure on performance of the composite. The lightness of the composite was increased by the UV effect in the short‐ and the long‐term tests. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that the composite was protected by the UV absorber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2570–2577, 2006 相似文献
22.
The changes in surface composition of metallic alloys caused by segregation can be very efficiently studied by low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) due to the specific surface sensitivity of this technique. Investigations of single-crystal surfaces of ordered alloys are of particular interest because they provide the possibility to investigate the interplay between segregation effects and the order-disorder phase transition when passing through the transition temperature. Exemplifying these effects for bimetallic alloys we consider in particular the CuAu-system.For the quantitative interpretation of energy and angle resolved LEIS intensity distributions we compare experimental results with those from numerical simulations using the MARLOWE code which we extended with a detailed trajectory analysis. This allows us to apply various discrimination criteria, such as number of collisions, distance of closest approach, identification of the scattering crystal layer, total path length, etc. On this basis structural effects, ion survival probabilities and the influence of thermal vibrations can be studied.We demonstrate this potential by using CuAu(1 0 0) as a special example. The scattering potential parameters were calibrated with elemental single crystals of known structures and the anisotropic Debye temperatures taken from the literature showed good agreement, neutralization was of minor importance in this case. Our procedure could be successfully used for the quantitative analysis of the composition of the first and second layer as a function of temperature. These results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. 相似文献
23.
Influence of ion bombardment on the properties and microstructure of unbalanced magnetron deposited niobium coatings 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The effect of the ion bombardment to unbalanced magnetron deposited, approximately 1.5 and 4.5 μm thick, Nb coatings have been investigated as the bias voltage was varied from UB=−75 to −150 V. Increasing bias voltage increased the hardness of the coating from 4.5 to 8.0 GPa. This was associated with residual stress and Ar incorporation into the Nb lattice. Strong {110} texture developed in the samples deposited at low bias voltages, while beyond UB=−100 V a {111} texture became dominant. However, strong {111} texture was observed only with the thicker 3Nb coatings. Secondary electron microscopy investigation of the coating topography showed fewer defects in the thicker coatings. All coatings exhibited good corrosion resistance, with the thicker coatings clearly outperforming the thinner ones. Excessive bias voltages (UB=−150 V) was found to lead to poor adhesion and loss of corrosion resistance. 相似文献
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研究了电子束、离子束作用于Al2O3表面时成分的变化,表明无论电子束或离子束都能使Al2O3发生分解,产生导电的元素Al。实验在PHI610·SAM上进行,电子束轰击下(3keV,O.5μA,入射角60°)10s就有元素Al分解出来,2min以后就达到饱和,分解析出量随时间成a(1-e-bt)的关系。离子束轰击下同样发生元素Al的分解,但当Ei>3keV时,由于剥离速率加大,溅射5min时表面Al峰反而比1min时要弱。这时表面Al含量处于分解析出与溅射剥离的动态平衡中。实验还发现了Al2O3的解析与表面成分有关(如碳的含量)。最后讨论电子束与离子束的解析机理。 相似文献
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WANG Si-Xue WANG Yu-Gang XUE Jian-Ming LIU Feng DU Guang-hua LU Gang YAN Sha ZHAO Wei-Jiang 《核技术(英文版)》2002,13(1):31-36
1 INTRODUCTIONThe new aPplications of low energy heavy ion beam in irradi4ted botanical materialswere studied in recellt yeaxs. The beaminduced mutation effect on crop seeds has causedthe attention of physicist and biologists.[1l:] FOr examPle, 1ow energy ions can induceremarkable mutation to rice seeds.[3] There are many special phenomena when heavyions bombard botanic sW1e due to its special structure. Some studies showed that tllepenetration depths of some ions were far larger than t… 相似文献
28.
Motofumi Suzuki Kohei Kinoshita Shinji Jomori Hidehiko Harada Kaoru Nakajima Kenji Kimura 《Thin solid films》2007,515(22):8281-8284
The initial stage of iron silicide formation is investigated by high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. During the Fe deposition on Si(001) at 470 °C, the formation of FeSi2 is confirmed by the surface peak analysis. Initially, FeSi2 grows epitaxially so that one of the major crystallographic axes is parallel to the <111> axis of the Si substrate. With increasing Fe deposition, the deviation between the major crystallographic axis of the silicide region and Si<111> increases although the electron diffraction pattern is independent of the amount of Fe deposition. Therefore, the subsurface crystallographic structure of iron silicide is transformed from a cubic-like to a low-symmetry structure. 相似文献
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R. GRAY† M. HILARY STEVENSON‡ 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1991,26(6):669-672
One hundred and twenty-five pairs of chicken drumsticks were randomly allocated to one of five dose rates: 5, 10, 15, 20 or 600 kGyh-. The highest dose rate was obtained using a linear accelerator whilst the remaining dose rates were provided using a 60 Co gamma source. Each batch of 25 pairs was further divided into groups five of which were stored at 4°C for 0, 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. ESR spectroscopy was used to measure the intensity of the radiation-induced signal. There was a quadratic relationship between ESR signal strength and dose rate, which although statistically significant is unlikely to be of practical importance. The magnitude of the ESR signal declined by about 20% over the first 14 days of storage at 4°C and thereafter the decrease was minimal. 相似文献