Photochromism of the azo tautomer of 4-phenyiazo-1-naphthol and its o-methyl ether in solvents and polymer substrates

The trons ? cis photoisomerism of 1-phenylazo-4-methoxynaphthalene and the azo tautomer of 4-phenylazo-l-naphthol was studied in liquid solvents (ethanol and cyclohexane) and polymer films (cellulose acetate and triacetate, and poly(methyl methacrylate)). In the solvents, first-order kinetics for thermal cis → trans reversion of the former compound were observed after overlap of the absorbance bands of each isomer had been taken into account. However, in polymer substrates, the heterogeneous environment and restricted molecular motion gave rise to more complicated kinetics. The cis isomer of the azo tautomer of 1-phenylazo-4-naphthol had too short a lifetime to be observed in solution, but in dry polymer substrates its lifetime was sufficiently prolonged to allow spectroscopic observation. Wetting the dyed polymer films with water greatly accelerated the rate of cis → trans reversion of the azo tautomer of 1-phenylazo-4-naphthol.     

Digitally Crafted Couture

Clothing could be described as architecture in motion. Julia Koerner , a designer based between Salzburg and Los Angeles, operates at the crossroads between architecture and product design. She has recently been working on a number of projects in the couture field, both independently and in collaboration. Here she describes how these creations – largely inspired by the forms and growth patterns of nature – have utilised various additive manufacturing techniques to explore the possibilities of folding, nesting and smocking in digital space. From seamlessness to the ability to adapt to temperature, light and emotion, these garments appear to naturally grow on the body or to animate it.     

我国核地质系统发现的新矿物评述

核地质系统主导发现了10个新矿物:芙蓉铀矿、湘江铀矿、斜方钛铀矿、腾冲铀矿、盈江铀矿、平谷矿、栾锂云母、氧钠细晶石、冕宁铀矿和羟铅烧绿石。与其他单位合作发现新矿物6个,分别是氟钙烧绿石、氟钠烧绿石、红河石、钾绿钙闪石、太平石-(Ce)和氟栾锂云母。长期以来一直被认为是新矿物的单斜蓝硒铜矿并未获IMA CNMNC认可,今后在学术文章中应避免使用该名称。简述了这些矿物的基本矿物学特征和最新研究进展,列出了除湘江铀矿外其他新矿物原型标本的保存机构,建议加强早期发现的新矿物的晶体结构和矿物谱学研究,完善矿物学资料。     

一种常用水库水温计算经验公式的改进研究

东勘院法是在总结新安江、新丰江等水库水温分布规律基础上,经统计分析得出的常用于计算水库垂向月均水温的经验公式。该方法用于计算其他区域不同类型水库水温时,存在一定的偏差:一是1~3月垂向水温存在不合理的温跃层;二是对于水深大于40 m的水库,总是出现一个滞温层,温跃层和滞温层的交界面基本分布在水深40 m左右。为减小计算偏差,本研究通过分析东勘院法主要参数n、x取值对计算结果的影响,对参数n、x的取值进行了优化改进。通过国内多个水库水温资料验证,表明:改进后的东勘院法可明显提高水温预测精度。     

内蒙古电力信息系统风险评估的探索与启示

本文探讨了电力信息系统风险评估的相关内容,并根据信息系统风险评估的基本方法,介绍了内蒙古电力公司电力信息系统在风险评估方面做出的探索和给我们的启示,为电力信息系统风险评估工作做出了有益的探索。     

粗加工槽型的设计分析和探讨

应用金属切削原理和槽型基本理论,对粗加工槽型各参数进行了分析,提出一种实用的设计方法,并通过实验进行验证。     

铁皮石斛的化学成分及其在化妆品中的开发利用

综述了铁皮石斛中的几种主要化学成分,包括多糖、黄酮类、酚类、维生素和氨基酸等,阐述了各类成分在美容护肤方面的功效,同时介绍了铁皮石斛在化妆品中的应用现状,并以此为基础展望了铁皮石斛在化妆品行业中的广阔的应用前景。     

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BJ石油服务（中国）有限公司（简称BJ公司）在苏里格气井进行了两口井的压裂试验，压裂液采用对低渗透低压气藏排液有效的CO₂酸性交联液压裂液体系，增稠剂采用羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶，交联剂采用有机锆交联剂；施工前进行小型测试压裂，确定储层的滤失系数、裂缝延伸速度、延伸压力、裂缝闭合压力等重要设计参数；施工设计中预前置液中加入纯CO₂，能增加溶解气驱的能量，CO₂可以起到冷却作用，达到降低储层温度的目的；在人工裂缝的尺寸方面采用了宽、短裂缝的设计,采用高强度支撑剂——陶粒提高缝长和改善导流能力，加大前置液量和提高末端砂比技术，前置液比例达到50%以上，而在后期的施工过程中，迅速将支撑剂浓度由200 kg/m2提至1000 kg/m2，施工过程中很好地运用端部脱砂技术；加强现场质量控制，对指导压裂施工具有较大的借鉴作用。     

The Role of Additive Manufacturing and Physiomimetic Computational Design for Digital Construction

The recent adoption of the term additive manufacturing (AM) to describe a broad range of digital ‘layer by layer’ fabrication techniques comes 20 years since its inception and more than 10 years since architectural practices engaged with the technology for making prototypes and models. Soon this technology will join existing CNC subtractive and formative processes within the volume and mass-market sectors, where design complexity and increased functionality result in competitive advantage. It is also about a decade since researchers proposed additive manufacturing for construction. Rupert Soar and David Andreen introduce here the different construction-scale additive manufacturing systems currently in development. If linked to physiomimetic computational design strategies, these technologies provide novel possibilities for addressing architecture's manufacturing challenges in the face of energy expenditure, material resources and environmental impact. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.