RELAP5/MOD3.2 sensitivity calculations of loss-of-feed water (LOFW) transient at Unit 6 of Kozloduy NPP

This paper provides a comparison between the real plant data obtained by Unit 6 of Kozloduy nuclear power plant (NPP) during the loss-of-feed water (LOFW) transient and the calculation results received by RELAP5/MOD3.2 computer model of the same NPP unit.RELAP5/MOD3.2 computer model of the VVER-1000 has been developed at the Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (INRNE-BAS) based on Unit 6 of Kozloduy NPP. This model has been used for simulation the behavior of the real VVER-1000 NPP during the LOFW transient. Several calculations have been provided to describe how the different boundary conditions reflect on the prediction of real plant parameters.This paper discusses the results of the thermal–hydraulic sensitivity calculations of loss-of-feed water transient for VVER-1000 reactor design. The report also contains a brief summary of the main NPP systems included in the RELAP5 VVER model and the LOFW transient sequences.This report was possible through the participation of leading specialists from Kozloduy NPP and with the assistance of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), International Nuclear Safety Program (INSP).     

基于MCP2510和CH375的CAN接口卡设计

本文介绍了MCP2510和CH375的特点,设计了CAN-USB接口卡,并给出了详细的电路原理图及软件流程图,该卡可适用于各种CAN总线控制系统中。     

基于BP网络的下一交易日无约束市场清算价格预测模型

提出一种基于反向传播(BP)网络预测下一交易日无约束市场清算价格的方法。该方法去除了原始数据中的季节性趋势和增长趋势,用相关性分析技术选择输入量,遵循“重近轻远”的原则重新设计了拟合误差的代价函数,利用最新数据在线修正BP网络,并用美国加州电能交易所公布的真实数据进行仿真,结果令人满意。     

基于MCP2510实现无级变速箱控制系统的CAN通信

针对汽车无级变速器控制系统的复杂性,应用CAN总线控制器MCP2510,开发了一种CAN总线的网络控制连接方式,并将这种网络连接方式用于汽车无级变速箱控制器(TCU)的开发中,实现了TCU与其他电子控制单元之间的信息交换．实际运行表明,该通信方式具有较高的可靠性和容错性．     

Mid-term electricity market clearing price forecasting utilizing hybrid support vector machine and auto-regressive moving average with external input

Currently, there are many techniques available for short-term electricity market clearing price (MCP) forecasting, but very little has been done in the area of mid-term electricity MCP forecasting. Mid-term electricity MCP forecasting has become essential for resources reallocation, maintenance scheduling, bilateral contracting, budgeting and planning purposes. A hybrid mid-term electricity MCP forecasting model combining both support vector machine (SVM) and auto-regressive moving average with external input (ARMAX) modules is presented in this paper. The proposed hybrid model showed improved forecasting accuracy compared to forecasting models using a single SVM, a single least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and hybrid LSSVM-ARMAX. PJM interconnection data have been utilized to illustrate the proposed model with numerical examples.     

Numerical analysis of thermo-mechanical characteristics of solder joint depending on change in solder junction structure of MCP

This study suggests an improved junction structure of solder joints that enable an increased junction area and enhance the reliability of solder joints. A finite element analysis was carried out to compare the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the solder joints before and after the improvement. In the suggested junction structure, holes were created in the existing Cu pillar bump to increase its junction area, compared to that of the existing junction structure, and to raise the solder quantity of the joint. Drawing from the analysis results of the thermo-mechanical characteristics on the existing junction structure and the newly suggested junction structure, it was confirmed that shear stress was reduced in the solder joint with the suggested junction structure, as it was lower by around 5–20 MPa in the suggested junction structure. It was also found that the final value of the equivalent stress during a thermal cycle was lower by around 30 MPa in the suggested junction structure. Moreover, in terms of its equivalent strain value, the suggested junction structure had a slightly higher value of elastic equivalent strain although it carried a lower value of plastic equivalent strain in the high-temperature range. Therefore, it is considered that the suggested junction structure will be advantageous in terms of its long-term reliability of thermo-mechanical characteristics.     

An integrated supply chain: A large scale complementarity model for the biofuel markets

Sometimes, a new technology can have a significant impact on other technologies and existing processes. The planning and implementation of certain policies in order to adapt these new technologies with existing processes is essential. Advanced hydrocarbon (drop-in) biofuel production is an emerging technology that has the potential to influence the existing petroleum supply chain and thus change the equilibrium quantity and prices. This paper addresses a large scale multi-period complementarity model for an advanced hydrocarbon biofuel supply chain integrated with existing petroleum refineries. Market players include suppliers, convertors, deconstruction operators, storage operators, transportation operators and emission auctioneer as well as consumers. The model is multimodal combining multiple transportation modes, seasonal, and other data regarding the current situation of the market, and all the players are assumed to be perfectly competitive. This model simultaneously optimizes the supply chain design and finds the equilibrium quantity of feedstocks, crude oil and final products in the integrated supply chain. Although the main focus of this article is on the mathematical formulation, the numerical simulations for a real case study for Iran are illustrated. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the model in studying the effect of different scenarios on the current supply chain of crude oil based derivatives.     

MCP41/42XXX系列数字电位器及其应用

介绍了微芯公司MCP41/42XXX系列数字电位器的结构与特点,分析了其接口方式,给出了与微处理器的接口程序,并用不同的方式实现了数字电位器的输出调整.最后给出了一个基于该系列数字电位器音量调节的应用实例.     

1 -甲基环丙烯对红富士苹果贮藏品质的影响

以红富士苹果为实验材料。研究了1-MCP(1—甲基环丙烯)处理对常温贮藏下苹果生理代谢及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明，采用1μl／L和2μl／L的1-MCP处理，可以抑制苹果呼吸强度和乙烯释放量。保持较高的VC及可溶性固形物含量。同时1-MCP处理对苹果PE和PG活性有一定的抑制作用。阻止了原果胶的降解，使果肉保持较高的原果胶含量和较低的可溶性果胶含量。从而延缓桌实硬度的下降。     

Influence of different concentrations of 1-methylcyclopropene on the quality of tomato harvested at different maturity stages

BACKGROUND: A wide range of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) concentrations as well as various treatment durations have been studied in tomatoes by different researchers. However, little is known about interaction of 1‐MCP doses and maturity stages of tomatoes. Therefore the effects of different concentrations of 1‐MCP on storage and postharvest quality of ‘Zorro’ tomatoes harvested at mature green or pink maturity stages were investigated in a 2‐year trial study. RESULTS: Higher concentrations of 1‐MCP delayed and/or inhibited all parameters related to fruit ripening, such as lycopene, chlorophyll, surface color, polygalacturonase (PG) activity and soluble solids content/titratable acidity (SSC/TA), and these effects were greater in tomatoes harvested at the mature green stages. Lower concentrations of 1‐MCP slightly reduced the loss in general quality features compared with untreated tomatoes. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that 1‐MCP, especially at higher doses, is effective for delaying ripening of mature green tomatoes. Mature green fruits treated with 1000 nL L^?1 1‐MCP were stored for 35 days without significant decreases in quality characteristics such as elasticity, surface color and SSC/TA with certain physiological processes (ethylene production, PG activity, lycopene synthesis). Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry