Corrosion mechanism of commercial doloma refractories in contact with CaO–Al2O3 –SiO2 – MgO slag

Abstract

The dissolution of three doloma based refractories in liquid CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–MgO slag was studied. Cylindrical refractory specimens of doloma, carbon bonded doloma, and magnesia doloma were rotated in a stationary crucible of molten slag under forced convection conditions. Slag composition, temperature, rod rotation speed and rod immersion time were varied. The refractory dissolution rate was determined from the change in diameter of the cylindrical specimens. The corrosion rate was found to increase with temperature and rod rotation speed and decrease when the slag was nearly saturated with MgO. The findings of the study substantiate the assumption that the diffusion of magnesium oxide through the slag boundary layer controls the corrosion process. The results indicated the overall corrosion process to be the dissolution of refractory material into the slag, followed by slag penetration of the pores and grain boundaries and finally, dispersion of the grains into the slag.     

Isothermal reduction behaviour of MnO2 doped Fe2O3 compacts with H2 at 1073–1373 K

Abstract

Pure Fe₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ doped with 2, 4, and 6 mass% of MnO₂ (>99%) compacts annealed at 1473 K for 6 h were isothermally reduced with H₂ at 1073–1373 K. The O₂ weight loss resulted from the reduction of compacts was continuously recorded as a function of time using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). High pressure mercury porosimeter, optical and scanning electron microscopes, X-ray phase analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer were used to characterise both the annealed and reduced samples. In MnO₂ containing samples, manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) was identified. The rate of reduction of pure and doped compacts increased with temperature and decreased with the increase in MnO₂ content. Unlike in pure compacts, the reduction of MnO₂ containing samples was not completed and stopped at different extents depending on MnO₂ (mass%). At initial reduction stages, the decrease in the rate was due to the presence of poorly reducible manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) phase which was partially reduced to iron manganese oxide (FeO_0.899, MnO_0.101) at the final stages. The reduction mechanism was predicted from the correlation between the reduction kinetics and the structure of partially reduced samples at different temperatures. The reduction of pure and doped samples was controlled by a combined effect of interfacial chemical reaction and gaseous diffusion mechanism at their initial stages. At final stages, the interfacial chemical reaction was the rate controlling mechanism.