Numerical research on the interaction between coronal mass ejection and streamer

By proposing a two-dimensional triggering model with concentrically circular closed magnetic field line structure, numerical research is made on the asymmetric propagation feature of coronal mass ejection (CME) in two cases emerging at the solar northern latitudes 10° and 45° respectively. The numerical results can qualitatively explain some features of CME event observed by the spacecraft SOHO and show that: (i) In these two cases, the triggering model can initiate CME with an asymmetric closed magnetic field structure, (ii) Closed magnetic structure of CME event will keep deflecting to the current sheet when it propagates away from the sun and this deflecting effect mostly happens within tens of solar radii before CME travels finally along the current sheet, (iii) The triggering model emerging at different locations can introduce CME events with different magnetic shapes. This shape happens to be circular and crescent when the triggering model emerges at the northern latitudes 10° and 45°, respecti     

Losses in diagonal MHD generator

Losses in an MHD generator not only reduce the power output but also degrade it. The losses due to heat, friction and leakage through insulating-wall/slag have been analyzed for the diagonal generator for better control and performance. The losses due to leakage are higher than the heat and friction losses. The effect of wall temperature on losses is significant. The heat and friction losses decrease with increase in wall temperature, whereas the leakage losses increase with increase in wall temperature. The slag losses reduce power output from the channel drastically.     

Effects of diffuser shape and back pressure on the performance of disk MHD generators

The effects of diffuser shape and back pressure on the performance of closed‐cycle disk MHD generators are investigated with two‐dimensional numerical simulations taking account of the boundary layer. The enthalpy extraction ratio decreases and fluctuates periodically with increase in the back pressure. The amplitude of power output fluctuation and the period depend on the volume of the inverse flow region. For the reduced height diffuser, the inverse flow region is suppressed and the fluctuation becomes smaller than that for the constant height diffuser. When operated with a back pressure lower than an optimum value, the diffuser does not work because of reacceleration in the diffuser. For the higher back pressure, on the contrary, the inverse flow region propagates into the MHD channel, then the enthalpy extraction ratio is reduced and the Mach number at the exit of the MHD channel becomes lower than unity. For the optimum back pressure, high enthalpy extraction ratio is achieved and the adiabatic efficiency at the diffuser exit is decreased by several percent from that evaluated at the MHD channel exit. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(2): 11–19, 2000     

电磁流体力学技术在航空航天领域的应用

近年来, 越来越多的研究人员将目光投向电磁流体力学(MHD)技术在冲压/超燃冲压发动机推进的高超声速飞行器上的应用研究. 介绍了主动控制再入大气层时的气动加热和飞行性能的MHD流量控制方法的原理, 并给出了数值分析和以超燃冲压发动机驱动MHD发电系统试验验证装置为对象进行的数值分析.     

Summary of US–Japan Exchange 2004: New Directions and Physics for Compact Toroids

Scientists from research institutions in the United States of America and Japan attended a USA Department of Energy sponsored joint international workshop on the subject of Compact Toroids (CT) in Santa Fe, NM, USA in September 2004. We outline here a summary of the topics that were discussed, some of the implications, and new directions that are likely to follow from this research. Experimental, theoretical and computational results were presented. The experimental devices and concepts, along with the theory and computational models comprise investigations of fundamental plasma physics, fusion science, and approaches to fusion energy that require magnetized plasmas.     

液态金属实验回路(LMEL)的总体设计和运行

液态金属实验回路（ＬＭＥＬ）是国内唯一用于聚变堆磁流体动力学（ＭＨＤ）效应和材料相容性研究的大型实验装置。与国外同类先进的装置相比，回路流程和运行方式均有重大改进，使其更先进、安全并具有多功能。回路运行分为两个阶段：第一阶段以钠－钾低共熔合金（２２Ｎａ７８Ｋ）为工质，研究ＭＨＤ效应，ＬＭＥＬ的最大哈特曼（Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ）数Ｍ和相互作用参数Ｎ分别为０．７５×１０４和２．５×１０４；第二阶段以液态锂为工质，研究结构材料与锂的相容性，最高温度和流速分别为５２０℃和１．３８ｍ／ｓ。     

Extended MHD Modelling with the Ten-Moment Equations

High-order moment fluid equations for simulation of plasmas are presented. The ten-moment equations are a two-fluid model in which time dependent equations are used to advance the pressure tensor. With the inclusion of the full pressure tensor Finite Larmor Radius (FLR) effects are captured. Further, Hall-effects are captured correctly by including the full electron momentum equation. Hall and FLR effects are important to understand stability of compact toroids like Field Reversed Configurations (FRCs) and also to detailed understanding of small scale instabilities in current carrying plasmas. The effects of collisions are discussed. Solutions to a Riemann problem for the ten-moment equations are presented. The ten-moment equations show complex dispersive solutions which come about from the source terms. The model is validated with the GEM fast magnetic reconnection challenge problem.     

Simulation Research of Magnetic Constriction Effect and Controlling by Axial Magnetic Field of Vacuum Arc

Based on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of vacuum arc, the computer simulation of vacuum arc was carried out in this paper. In the MHD model, mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equations, energy conservation equations, generalized ohm‘s law and Maxwell equation were considered. MHD equations were calculated by numerical method, and the distribution of vacuum arc plasma parameters and current density were obtained. Simulation results showed that the magnetic constriction effect of vacuum arc is primarily caused by the Hall effect. In addition, the inhibition of axial magnetic field (AMF) on constriction of vacuum arc was calculated and analyzed.