INFLUENCE OF HEAT TRANSFER IN THE SQUEEZING FLOW BETWEEN PARALLEL DISKS

This article addresses the squeezing flow and heat transfer between parallel disks when one disk is impermeable and the other is porous. Appropriate similarity transformations are invoked to convert the partial differential equations into ordinary ones. Expressions for velocity and temperature fields have been obtained by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of embedding parameters such as squeeze number (S), Hartman number (M), Prandtl number (Pr), and Eckert number (Ec) are analyzed through graphs for the velocity and temperature profiles and tables for skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number. It is observed that the series solutions are convergent only at third-order of approximation. The obtained results for velocity are also compared with the homotopy perturbation method (Domairry and Aziz, 2009).     

UNSTEADY MHD BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW WITH DIFFUSION AND FIRST-ORDER CHEMICAL REACTION OVER A PERMEABLE STRETCHING SHEET WITH SUCTION OR BLOWING

In this study, unsteady MHD boundary layer flow with diffusion of chemically reactive species undergoing first-order chemical reaction over a permeable stretching sheet with suction or blowing and also with power-law variation in wall concentration is investigated. Using similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear self-similar ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations are then solved by the finite difference method using the quasi-linearization technique. Due to the increase in the unsteadiness parameter, the velocity initially decreases, but after a certain point it increases. A similar effect is also observed in case of concentration distribution. The increase in magnetic parameter causes a decrease in velocity and an increase in concentration. For increasing strength of applied suction both momentum and concentration boundary layer thicknesses decrease. On the other hand, applied blowing has reverse effects. Moreover, the mass transfer from the sheet is enhanced with increasing values of Schmidt number, reaction rate parameter, and also power-law exponent (related to wall concentration distribution). For high negative values of the power-law exponent, mass absorption at the sheet occurs. Moreover, due to increase of unsteadiness, this mass absorption is prevented.     

MHD flow and heat transfer of a micropolar fluid over a nonlinear stretching surface with variable surface heat flux and heat generation

An analysis has been carried out to study magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting micropolar fluid over a nonlinear stretching surface with variable wall heat flux in the presence of heat generation/absorption and a non‐uniform transverse magnetic field. The governing system of partial differential equations is first transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The transformed equations are solved numerically. Results for the dimensionless velocity, micro‐rotation, and temperature profiles are displayed graphically delineating the effects of various parameters characterising the flow. The results show that the velocity profile decreases as the magnetic parameter and the velocity exponent increase, while it increases as the material parameter increases. The results show also that the temperature profile increases as the magnetic parameter, the velocity exponent, and the heat generation parameter increase. Furthermore, the temperature profile decreases as the material parameter, the heat absorption parameter, and the Prandtl number increase.     

板坯连铸结晶器内钢水偏流及其控制方法的思考

简述了板坯连铸结晶器内钢水偏流及其主要危害。作为例子,引录板坯结晶器内由SEN冻结和湍流引起的两个典型偏流的数值模拟结果。综述了控制偏流的非接接触的磁流体力学(MHD)技术及其效果,以及评估控流效果的检测方法。     

Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Behaviors of a Gas Tungsten Welding Arc for Joining Magnesium Alloy AZ61A

Based on the Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic(MHD)theory,a united three-dimensional(3D)transient numerical model is developed to investigate the dynamic behaviors of arc plasma for a magnesium alloy AZ61A gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)arc.The arc,electrode and workpiece are integrated into one calculation domain to avoid both presumed distribution of the current density at the electrode tip and the assumption of constant conditions of interface between welding arc and workpiece.The distributions of electric potential,current density,magnetic flux density,electromagnetic force,velocity,temperature,and pressure of the arc plasma in the 3D space are analyzed by using the numerical model.Results indicate that the maximum gradient of the electric potential in the whole arc space exists around the electrode tip,where the electric current density,electromagnetic force,and temperature are also the maximum.However,maximum pressure is found at the velocity stagnation,which is above the workpiece.Comparison between predicted temperature and measured one in arc region shows a good agreement.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ALTERNATING MAGNETIC FIELD MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC PUMP

An experimental apparatus to investigate AC MHD pump was established, which mainly consists of a rotary permanent magnet with 4 poles an annular channel, a motor, a shaft and a platform. The magnet generates a field similar to sinusoid with the maximum of 0.9 T in the channel when it is rotated tip by the motor to simulate an AC magnetic field. This moving magnetic field acts on the conductive fluid in the channel, and produces an electromagnetic force to move the fluid in the same direction as that of the magnet rotating. Experiments were carried out to investigate the performance of the pump. Flow velocity in the annular channel was measured for different conduclivities and rotating speeds of the magnet. The results show that the flow rate and pressure increase as the magnetic field strength, fluid conductivity and frequency of the magnetic field increase.     

气体对磁流体动力学传感器影响机理的探讨

由于气体和导电流体性质上的差异,导电流体中气体的存在将对磁流体动力学(MHD)传感器的输出特性产生影响。基于电磁感应理论和两相流理论,文章推导并建立了导电流体中含气体的MHD传感器VOF模型。通过ANSYS Fluent对含气体的MHD传感器输出特性进行仿真分析,同时搭建试验平台对不同气体含量MHD传感器进行试验验证。结果表明,导电流体中的气泡在低频时容易被拉伸撕裂成小气泡并随着角振动分散,同时使得流体环流场和电场产生偏移和畸变,角振动频率越低,此现象越明显;当导电流体中不含气体时角振动频率和幅值、重力加速度及偏心等外部因素对MHD传感器的输出特性无影响;当导电流体中含有气体时,MHD传感器的输出特性畸变等随气体含量、重力加速度和偏心的增大而增大,随角振动频率和幅值的增大而减小。文章研究成果能够为MHD传感器导电流体灌装工艺控制提供指导,有助于MHD传感器精度和稳定性的提升。     

LiErO2 formation on Er2O3 in static and natural convection lithium

Er₂O₃ is candidate material for insulating coating to prevent the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pressure drop in the self-cooled liquid Li blanket system. Although Er₂O₃ is stable material, detailed chemical behavior in liquid Li is not clear. Corrosion behavior of bulk Er₂O₃ in Li is investigated in static and flowing condition in the present study. After these tests, good compatibility of Er₂O₃ was confirmed and slight formation of LiErO₂ was detected by XRD analysis. This chemical behavior did not change in a static and flowing tests, however some of the corrosion product of LiErO₂ was removed easily by the Li flow. Intensity of LiErO₂ peaks in XRD spectrum suggests that the temperature gradient may affect the reaction rate in the natural convection loop. Since corrosion rate of Er₂O₃ is very small, slight change in state will be important information to evaluate lifetime of coating.     

Characteristics of plasma produced by MHD technology and its application to propulsion systems

This paper analyzes plasma characteristics for the newly proposed concept of a closed-loop MHD power generation combined cycle system, which is used as a pulse-driven MHD accelerator to accelerate plasma to high velocity, with a nuclear plant. In this paper, since the final goal is for the space propulsion system applications, the performance of a MHD acceleration system is also analyzed by the Q1D analysis program. Results reveal that the radial velocity with the MHD effect is accelerated rapidly at the channel exit, with a calculated maximum velocity of about 4700 m/s. Consequently, specific impulse approximately 480 s and thrust of about 6550 N are estimated. The static gas temperature is evaluated at less than 600 K, while the value of about 1800 K is calculated for the stagnation gas temperature in the MHD channel.     

Numerical research on the interaction between coronal mass ejection and streamer

By proposing a two-dimensional triggering model with concentrically circular closed magnetic field line structure, numerical research is made on the asymmetric propagation feature of coronal mass ejection (CME) in two cases emerging at the solar northern latitudes 10° and 45° respectively. The numerical results can qualitatively explain some features of CME event observed by the spacecraft SOHO and show that: (i) In these two cases, the triggering model can initiate CME with an asymmetric closed magnetic field structure, (ii) Closed magnetic structure of CME event will keep deflecting to the current sheet when it propagates away from the sun and this deflecting effect mostly happens within tens of solar radii before CME travels finally along the current sheet, (iii) The triggering model emerging at different locations can introduce CME events with different magnetic shapes. This shape happens to be circular and crescent when the triggering model emerges at the northern latitudes 10° and 45°, respecti