End Effects in Diagonal Type Nonequilibrium Plasma MHD Generators

The authors investigate the influence of the attenuation of magnetic induction on the current distribution etc. in the end regions of the diagonal type nonequilibrium plasma MHD generator by a two-dimensional analysis. The numerical calculations are made for an example of the cesium-seeded helium. As a result, a suitable attenuation of the magnetic induction can make the current distribution very uniform near the end region of generator duct and has little influence on the current distribution in the central part of generator, and the output electrodes can be used without large ballast resistors. Also the internal resistance of the end region and the current concentration at the output electrode edges decrease with the attenuation of magnetic flux density. By the author's investigation, it is made clear that the output electrodes of the diagonal type nonequilibrium plasma MHD generator should be arranged in the attenuation region of the magnetic induction, since arranging them in the attenuation region of magnetic flux density can become useful for the improvement of the electrical characteristics of generator.     

Study of Multi-Function Micro-Plasma Spraying Technology

A multi-functional micro-arc plasma spraying system was developed according to aerodynamics and plasma spray theory. The soft switch IGBT （Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor） invert technique, micro-computer control technique, convergent-divergent nozzle structure and axial powder feeding techniques have been adopted in the design of the micro-arc plasma spraying system. It is not only characterized by a small volume, a light weight, highly accurate control, high deposition efficiency and high reliability, but also has multi-functions in plasma spraying, welding and quenching. The experimental results showed that the system can produce a supersonic flame at a low power, spray Al2O3 particles at an average speed up to 430 m/s, and make nanostructured AT13 coatings with an average bonding strength of 42.7 MPa. Compared to conventional 9M plasma spraying with a higher power, the coatings with almost the same properties as those by conventional plasma spray can be deposited by multi-functional micro-arc plasma spraying with a lower power plasma arc due to an improved power supply design, spray gun structure and powder feeding method. Moreover, this system is suitable for working with thin parts and undertaking on site repairs, and as a result, the application of plasma spraying will be greatly extended.     

Evolution simulation of lightning discharge based on a magnetohydrodynamics method

In order to solve the load problem for aircraft lightning strikes,lightning channel evolution is simulated under the key physical parameters for aircraft lightning current component C.A numerical model of the discharge channel is established,based on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and performed by FLUENT software.With the aid of user-defined functions and a userdefined scalar,the Lorentz force,Joule heating and material parameters of an air thermal plasma are added.A three-dimensional lightning arc channel is simulated and the arc evolution in space is obtained.The results show that the temperature distribution of the lightning channel is symmetrical and that the hottest region occurs at the center of the lightning channel.The distributions of potential and current density are obtained,showing that the difference in electric potential or energy between two points tends to make the arc channel develop downwards.The arc channel comes into expansion on the anode surface due to stagnation of the thermal plasma and there exists impingement on the copper plate when the arc channel comes into contact with the anode plate.     

PSO-SVR算法在发酵过程控制中的应用

针对发酵过程中生物参数难以实时在线测量的问题,建立了用于生物参数状态预估的支持向量机软测量模型。考虑到该支持向量回归模型的复杂性和推广能力的好坏很大程度上取决于其3个参数（?着,C,?酌）能否取到最优值,采用粒子群算法实现对参数（?着,C,?酌）的同时寻优。在此基础上,以L-天冬酰胺酶II为对象,建立其基于PSO-SVR的发酵过程产物浓度状态预估模型。发酵罐控制结果表明：该模型具有很好的学习精度和泛化能力,可实现对L-天冬酰胺酶II产物浓度的实时在线预估。     

柔性立管涡激振动实验的数据分析

在对光纤光栅应变计（FBG）测量得到的柔性立管室内模型实验数据进行分析中,通过信号滤波、模态分解、频谱分析以及位移计算等得到立管涡激振动的共振模态、振动频率和位移变形等参数的变化规律。分析结果表明所采用的数据分析方法能够很好地分析出柔性立管涡激振动的基本特性,这对今后深入开展深海立管涡激振动问题的实验研究和现场原位测试提供了有益的借鉴。     

克拉玛依油田J1b5储层测井精细解释模型

针对克拉玛依油田五区八道湾组J1b5储层油水分布复杂、测井资料解释难度较大、测井解释符合率偏低等问题．研究了该区储层的岩性、物性、电性及舍油性两两之间的关系;采用岩心刻度测井的方法,建立了该区泥质质量分数计算模型、孔隙度和渗透率解释模型,根据储层特点建立了含水饱和度计算模型,模型经验证均具有较高精度;结合试油层段孔隙度-电阻率交会关系,建立了五区八道湾组储层的解释标准。该方法能有效提高储层测井精细解释的准确度。对储层综合解释及剩余油挖潜研究具有指导意义。     

基于安全余量的污染物总量控制方法评述

借助污染物最大日负荷量（TMDL）的相关研究成果,阐述安全余量（MOS）的特征。结合安全余量的表现形式,阐述隐式、显式、FOEA计算安全余量的流程。对安全余量的定量化及其负荷分配研究是推动TMDL策略完善的关键。在梳理以往研究成果的基础上,从安全余量的产生机理出发,分析与污染物总量控制相关的安全余量计算过程。在考虑安全余量的前提下,依据水环境质量的控制目标,结合环境容量所允许的污染物排放量,论述了基于数学模型测算、可持续管理策略的污染物总量控制方法。以永定河流域污染物容量总量分配为例,进行基于安全余量的污染物分配应用研究,对有效减少污染物排放总量、实现水功能区水质达标具有重要意义。     

OPTIMIZATION OF DISPLACEMENT AND GLIDING PATH AND IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE FOR AN UNDERWATER THERMAL GLIDER

The underwater thermal glider utilizes ocean thermal energy to change its buoyancy, which enables it to ascend and descend. A Phase Change Material (PCM) as the working fluid inside the thermal engine tubes is sensitive to the surrounding seawater temperature, whose effects are different with the various displacements and gliding angles of the glider. In this paper, the effects of the displacement and the gliding angle on the performance of the thermal engine were studied numerically and experimentally. On this basis, the ways to eliminate the negative effect of a thermocline on the performance of the thermal engine were obtained. The results show that the displacement and gliding angle affect the transition time of the PCM. There exist the threshold values of the displacement and gliding angle for the normal work of thermal engine. There are two means of eliminating the negative effect of a thermocline on the performance of the thermal engine and improving glider performance: one is to increase the displacement, and the other is to decrease the absolute value of the gliding angle. There is also another better way to improve glider performance.     

宝泉抽水蓄能电厂AGC/AVC的应用

抽水蓄能电厂自动发电控制（AGC）/自动电压控制（AVC）的总体要求是根据电网有功潮流和电网电压的变化,及时调整机组有功出力和无功出力,保证电网运行的安全性和经济性。文中从AGC/AVC系统结构、数据交换、有功负荷分配策略、电压控制和整体功能的实现方式等方面,介绍了宝泉抽水蓄能电厂AGC/AVC的特点,实现的技术方式、约束条件和特殊功能。     

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS WITH NONSUBMERGED VEGETATION

Results of several Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of open channel flows with non-submerged vegetation are presented in this article. It is shown that the vegetation can make the flow structure in the mainstream direction uniform for both supercritical and subcritical flows. For subcritical flows, the LES results of the ensemble-average of time-averaged velocity distributions at four vertical sections around a single plant are in good agreement with measurements. The velocity sees double peaks at the upper and lower positions of flows. For supercritical flows, the ensemble-average velocities see some discrepancy between LES and measurement results. Some secondary flow eddies appear near the single plant, and they just locate in the positions of the double peaks in stream-wise velocity profiles. It is also found that the vegetation drag coefficient deceases as the Froude number increases.