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101.
水力射孔对套管强度的影响研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
水力射孔技术是一种新型的完井方式,深穿透水力射孔技术辅助定向水力压裂可以实现油气层改造和油气井增产。但是,水力射孔套管会在孔眼处造成应力集中,使得局部应力过大而削弱了套管和水泥环的强度,可能会影响套管的使用寿命。因此,文章利用有限元软件建立了射孔套管的三维有限元模型,分析了水力射孔后套管管体的应力分布,重点研究了水力射孔参数-孔密、孔径、孔深、射孔方位角等对套管强度的影响规律。分析结果表明,沿着最大水平地应力方向深穿透水力射孔,选择合适的孔密、孔径可将射孔对套管的损害降至最小。研究结果为提高水力射孔完井设计水平提供了一定的参数依据。 相似文献
102.
103.
结合NGN及3G演进的固定、移动视频业务实际需求状况,论述H.264/AVC的重要技术进展及其务实发展策略。 相似文献
104.
介绍了3G技术在国内外的发展情况,阐述了发展趋势,对3G技术的分类和所采用的主流技术、标准化情况进行了论述,并对CDMA2000,WCDMA和TD-SCDMA三种3G的三大主流应用技术标准进行比较分析。 相似文献
105.
基于实际井眼轨迹的抽油杆柱API设计方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前的抽油杆柱设计方法大都基于设计井眼轨迹或经验公式,因此设计的抽油杆柱与井眼的匹配性并没有达到最优,结果可能影响了抽油杆柱的受力特性和寿命。概述了目前现有的抽油杆柱设计方法,提出了基于实际井眼轨迹的抽油杆柱API设计方法,即考虑到在三维空间中井下粘滞阻力及动载的影响,利用微单元分析方法计算出轴向载荷与轴向应力,然后在此基础上进行杆柱组合设计,并给出了设计流程。以江苏油田永21-3井为例,对几种设计方法的设计结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,江苏油田目前采用的抽油杆柱设计方法包含了人为经验因素,并不是最优的杆柱设计结果,有待进一步改进。 相似文献
106.
Diphenylzinc, alone or in combination with water and butanone as coinitiators, was used as a polymerization initiator system for a variety of lactones at varying temperatures. The resulting data indicate that the course of the polymerization is greatly influenced by the lactone structure, as well as by the molar ratio of coinitiator to diphenylzinc. When used alone, diphenylzinc exhibited high activity as an initiator in δ‐valerolactone polymerizations, although it was less efficient when used in the β‐butyrolactone and the β‐propiolactone polymerizations. Activity in the polymerization of β‐lactones was increased by adding small amounts of butanone or water. It was also observed that the diphenylzinc–butanone combination was more effective than the diphenylzinc–water mixture in the polymerizations of β‐butyrolactone and β‐propiolactone. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
107.
总结了HB - 3,HB - 4型钴钼触媒升温硫化过程及注意事项 ,简单介绍了使用情况 ,并针对出现的问题采取了一定措施 相似文献
108.
A cell vertex finite volume method for the solution of steady compressible turbulent flow problems on unstructured hybrid
meshes of tetrahedra, prisms, pyramids and hexahedra is described. These hybrid meshes are constructed by firstly discretising
the computational domain using tetrahedral elements and then by merging certain tetrahedra. A one equation turbulence model
is employed and the solution of the steady flow equations is obtained by explicit relaxation. The solution process is accelerated
by the addition of a multigrid method, in which the coarse meshes are generated by agglomeration, and by parallelisation.
The approach is shown to be effective for the simulation of a number of 3D flows of current practical interest.
Sponsored by The Research Council of Norway, project number 125676/410
Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Mike Crisfield, a respected colleague 相似文献
109.
Fatigue crack propagation of multiple coplanar cracks with the coupled extended finite element/fast marching method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A numerical technique for modeling fatigue crack propagation of multiple coplanar cracks is presented. The proposed method couples the extended finite element method (X-FEM) [Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 48 (11) (2000) 1549] to the fast marching method (FMM) [Level Set Methods & Fast Marching Methods: Evolving Interfaces in Computational Geometry, Fluid Mechanics, Computer Vision, and Materials Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1999]. The entire crack geometry, including one or more cracks, is represented by a single signed distance (level set) function. Merging of distinct cracks is handled naturally by the FMM with no collision detection or mesh reconstruction required. The FMM in conjunction with the Paris crack growth law is used to advance the crack front. In the X-FEM, a discontinuous function and the two-dimensional asymptotic crack-tip displacement fields are added to the finite element approximation to account for the crack using the notion of partition of unity [Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng. 139 (1996) 289]. This enables the domain to be modeled by a single fixed finite element mesh with no explicit meshing of the crack surfaces. In an earlier study [Engng. Fract. Mech. 70 (1) (2003) 29], the methodology, algorithm, and implementation for three-dimensional crack propagation of single cracks was introduced. In this paper, simulations for multiple planar cracks are presented, with crack merging and fatigue growth carried out without any user-intervention or remeshing. 相似文献
110.
Mitsuo Miyazawa Hideki Kawazoe Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2003,78(6):620-625
The microbial transformation of l‐menthol ( 1 ) was investigated by using 12 isolates of soil‐borne plant pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani (AG‐1‐IA Rs24, Joichi‐2, RRG97‐1; AG‐1‐IB TR22, R147, 110.4; AG‐1‐IC F‐1, F‐4, P‐1; AG‐1‐ID RCP‐1, RCP‐3, and RCP‐7) as a biocatalyst. Rhizoctonia solani F‐1, F‐4 and P‐1 showed 89.7–99.9% yields of converted product from 1 , RCP‐1, RCP‐3, and RCP‐7 26.0–26.9% and the other isolates 0.1–12.0%. In the cases of F‐1, F‐4 and P‐1, substrate 1 was converted to (?)‐(1S,3R,4S,6S)‐6‐hydroxymenthol ( 2 ), (?)‐(1S,3R,4S)‐1‐hydroxymenthol ( 3 ) and (+)‐(1S,3R,4R,6S)‐6,8‐dihydroxymenthol ( 4 ), which was a new compound. Substrate 1 was converted to 2 and/or 3 by RRG97‐1, 110.4, RCP‐1, RCP‐3 and RCP‐7. The structures of the metabolic products were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data. In addition, metabolic pathways of the biotransformation of 1 by Rhizoctonia solani are discussed. Finally, from the main component analysis and the differences in the yields of converted product from 1 , the 12 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were divided into three groups based on an analysis of the metabolites. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献