Measurement and modeling solubility of bioactive coumarin and its derivatives in supercritical carbon dioxide

To design a supercritical fluid extraction process for the separation of bioactive substances from natural products, a quantitative knowledge of phase equilibria between target biosolutes and solvent is necessary. How-ever, mostly no such information is available in literature to date. Thus in the present study, illustratively the solubility of bioactive coumarin and its various derivatives (i.e., hydroxy-, methyl-, and methoxy-derivatives) in supercritical CO₂ were measured at 308.15–328.15 K and 10–30 MPa. Also, the pure physical properties such as normal boiling point, critical constants, acentric factor, molar volume and standard vapor pressure for coumarin and its derivatives were estimated. By these estimated information, the measured solubilities were quantitatively correlated by an approximate lattice equation of state proposed recently by the present authors.     

煤气化等离子体反应器内的温度

分析了煤热解和煤气化两种等离子体发生器，并且分析了一般的温度计算方法，即通过解由有效能量等于有关热容经验公式建立的关于温度的代数方程，最后在求得温度的方法的基础上，发现上述计算方法不能很好地应用于等离子体发生器中，因此应用局域平衡近似导出恒压过程的Saha方程，计算了不同温度下一些等离子体工作气体的电离度，将根据输入功率结合实验监测的电流数据得到的电离度入Saha方程，由解Saha方程得到了与实测温度一致的数值。     

Constitutive modeling of HDPE polymer/clay nanocomposite foams

A constitutive model for tensile behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/clay nanocomposite foams was proposed. The elastic modulus of HDPE/clay nanocomposite was developed using micromechanics theory, and the modulus for foams was obtained by using representative volume element (RVE) concept. In order to describe the tensile behavior of the foams, a constitutive equation obtained from a viscoelastic model was proposed. The constitutive model was expressed in terms of microstructural properties of polymer, and physical properties of the foams. The effects of the material parameters and processing conditions on the foam morphologies and mechanical properties of HDPE/clay nanocomposite foams were investigated. Microcellular closed-cell nanocomposite foams were manufactured with HDPE, where the nanoclay loadings of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt% were used. The effect of clay loading and foaming conditions on the volume expansion ratio, elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break was investigated. Except for the elongation at break, the mechanical properties were improved with nanoclay loading. The tensile experimental data of the foams were compared with the prediction by the theoretical model. It was demonstrated that the tensile behaviors of HDPE/clay nanocomposite foams were well described by the constitutive model.     

On the Design of Observer for Nonlinear Time‐Delay Systems

This paper suggests a new method to design observers in a class of nonlinear time‐delay systems with delays in system states. The method is based on an extension of the well‐known state‐dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique. The conditions for locally asymptotic stability of the proposed observer are investigated. Some numerical simulations are provided to show the design procedure and the flexibility of the proposed observer.     

GENERALIZED DERIVATIONS FOR MIXTURES USING THE VIRIAL EQUATION: APPLICATION TO FUGACITY

Calculation of mixture properties using the virial equation of state (VEOS) becomes tedious when the expression contains more than the second virial term. This paper describes a derivation procedure which permits relatively simple extension to any number of virial terms. We have used the fugacity derivation as an example of using the new technique and provide an equation for the fugacity coefficient using any number of terms and any number of components.     

惰性气体对分子蒸馏过程的影响

本文采用基于Bohzmann方程的Bhatnagar—Gross—Krook模型方程，建立了计算多组分稀薄气体流动的数学模型和求解方法。应用该模型对一维蒸发和冷凝问题进行了数值模拟，考察了惰性气体存在对该过程的影响，着重讨论了蒸发温度、冷凝温度、惰性气体分压以及蒸发面和冷凝面之间的距离等因素对分离因数的影响。     

Study of the High‐Pressure Vapour‐Liquid Equilibria for Strongly Non‐ideal Binary and Ternary Mixtures

High‐pressure vapour‐liquid equilibria for binary and ternary high polar and asymmetric systems are calculated using the Peng‐Robinson‐Stryjek‐Vera equation of state coupled with the Twu‐Coon (TWMR), the Orbey‐Sandler (OSMR) and the Wong‐Sandler (WSMR) mixing rules. Modified UNIFAC model is used for determining the activity coefficient and excess Gibbs free energy. The calculated results are compared with the experimental data and good agreement is observed. The average absolute deviation percents (AAD%)s indicated that the WSMR has less AAD% than other mixing rules in most of cases.     

自动厚度控制方法的研究

为了提高轧钢厚度精度,提升产品合格率,本文通过对影响厚度变化因素的分析,对自动厚度控制方法的研究,提出了一种复合控制的方法.该方法不仅包括了传统反馈、前馈的控制策略,还有包含了自学习在内的预测控制,并对其进行了仿真分析,为自动厚度控制方案的优化提供了新的思路.     

The solubility of CO2 in triethylene glycol monomethyl ether

The solubility of CO₂ in triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEGMME) has been measured at 40, 70 and 100°C at pressures up to 8.8 MPa. The results were correlated with the Peng-Robinson (1976) equation of state. The interaction parameters and Henry's constants were derived.