Comments on the sliding wear of metals

The author reviews selected experimental results which have contributed to improved understanding of sliding wear processes. The emphasis is on the chemical and structural changes which occur at and near the surface of metallic materials during sliding in different environments. The importance of plastic deformation, fracture, transfer, mechanical mixing, phase transformations and oxidation is discussed. Examples of transitions are described, and interesting correlations noted. In selecting the content of this paper, the author includes controversial results and conclusions and raises questions about the development of wear equations, interpretations of the wear coefficient, the importance of adhesion, the roles of hardness, the causes of transitions and the location of debris-producing cracks.     

高速锯床防护罩抗冲击能力的有限元分析

利用ANSYS/LS_DYNA的动力学分析功能对GS3050型超高速数控锯床安全防护罩的抗冲击能力进行了数值分析,对刀具碎片侵彻有机玻璃的过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,采用厚度为15 mm的改性丙烯酸脂有机玻璃作为GS3050锯床的安全防护罩是可靠的.数值分析和试验的结果吻合.     

SWP-LE智能流量积算控制仪的应用

本文主要介绍了SWP-LE系列表计的实用功能、工作原理及实际操作中的注意事项,论述了该表计在生产中的应用价值.     

器外复杂换热的搅拌容器中液体不稳定传热计算

论述了器外复杂换热的搅拌容器中液体不稳定传热计算方法,对几种常见的这类情况进行了算式推导,并举例说明     

不同介质环境条件下黏性土的分散性及其微观结构

采用碎块试验、双比重计试验、电动电位、扫描电镜等测试方法,对典型的分散性土和非分散性土在不同介质环境条件下的分散性及其微观结构特征进行了研究.研究表明,介质环境中的钠离子含量和pH值高低是决定土体是否产生分散的本质因素,两种因素缺一不可.如果土体中含有大量的钠离子,并且酸碱度呈强碱性,则土体具有分散性.通过掺加高价阳离子和酸性物质,降低土体中钠离子的相对含量和酸碱度,可对分散性土进行改良.在自然沉积条件下,分散性土的微观结构中含有较多的孔隙;而非分散性土比较密实,孔隙较少.     

分布式个人文件系统的设计与实现

提出了一种基于E-mail系统的分布式文件系统——EMDFS,给出了扩展的STMP协议(ESTMP)的状态转换方式和定义,在此基础上研究了利用ESMTP来构建分布式个人文件系统的方法和模型,设计了EMDFS的模型、内外存的结构、I/O操作、用户接口以及EMDFS的各种功能。     

大型焦炉能量流研究

研究了大型焦炉的能量流,重点分析大型焦炉的高效率能量转换、加热焦炉用煤气热能的节约、焦炉煤气由燃料化利用向资源化利用的提升、焦炉支出热的回收和高效利用;充分论述大型干熄焦装置宜采用高温高压锅炉。     

The influence of temperature, pressure, salinity and capillary force on the formation of methane hydrate

We present here a thermodynamic model for predicting multi-phase equilibrium of methane hydrate liquid and vapor phases under conditions of different temperature, pressure, salinity and pore sizes. The model is based on the 1959 van der Waals-Platteeuw model, angle-dependent ab initio inter- molecular potentials, the DMW-92 equation of state and Pitzer theory. Comparison with all available experimental data shows that this model can accurately predict the effects of temperature, pressure, salinity and capillary radius on the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate. Online calculations of the p-T conditions for the formation of methane hydrate at given salinities and pore sizes of sediments are available on: www.geochem-model.org/models.htm.     

Automation, work organization and skills: The case of numerical control

This paper deals with small and medium sized firms. Since the late seventies small and medium sized mechanical engineering firms in France have resorted increasingly to new technologies, and in particular to numerical control. Numerical control has introduced major changes in work organization. On the one hand it tends to reinforce the role of methods of production engineering whatever the type of numerical control may be. Programming is seldom left to the machine operators, except in the case of straightforward machining operations or in machining shops with a strong tradition of highly skilled or artisan labour. Numerical control, on the other hand, does provide more opportunity for collaboration between the workshop and the production engineers. On a workshop level it introduces a more mobile division of labour between programmers, machine setters and operators, which covers everything from the start-up of programs to the supervision of maching operations. The operator may therefore acquire new skills, but this is only possible if there are open-ended training systems available to facilitate the transmission of know-how from the programmers to the machine setters and from the machine setters to the operators, and vice versa. Small and medium sized firms would appear to have a special role to play in developing skills.     

Two-Parameter Thermal Lattice BGK Model with a Controllable Prandtl Number

In this paper, two time relaxation parameters are introduce to a thermal lattice BGK, model to make its Prandtl number controllable. The dependency of the Prandtl number on the two parameters is derived. Numerical measurement of the transport coefficients is used to demonstrate the validity of the method. Furthermore, two examples of convective heat transfer are calculated, with one to show the effectiveness, and the other to show the breakdown of the two-parameter formulation under different conditions.