焊接构造对T型接头超低周疲劳性能的影响

为了研究焊接细节对钢结构超低周疲劳性能的影响,以T型接头为对象,在通用有限元程序Abaqus平台上,开发基于Arlequin算法的结构多尺度计算程序. 利用多尺度算法,开展焊接接头的局部弹塑性有限元分析. 比较焊趾半径、厚钢板未熔透长度及焊趾表面凹凸对局部塑性应变履历的影响,利用Coffin-Manson模型对T型接头的超低周疲劳特性进行定性讨论. 数值计算结果表明,焊趾位置是焊接接头的超低周疲劳易损位置,厚钢板的未熔透长度对焊接部位局部塑性应变的影响不大;焊趾半径对焊趾局部塑性应变有较大的影响,增大焊趾半径可以有效提升钢结构在循环荷载下的超低周疲劳性能;焊趾表面的平整性是影响焊趾局部塑性应变履历的重要因素,尖锐的凹坑会明显降低焊接接头的超低周疲劳性能,磨平的焊趾表面可以减少局部塑性应变,提高接头的超低周疲劳强度.     

采用形态神经网络背景自适应预测的图像弱小目标检测*

提出一种有效的背景杂波预测形态神经网络模型,用于检测图像数据中的弱小目标.目标被假设为只有很小的空域扩展度,而且淹没于强背景杂波干扰中.通过形态神经网络,杂波背景被准确地估计并从输入数据中去除,只剩下残留噪声和目标信号.采用扩展输入层数据的办法修正了传统的形态开、闭运算三层前馈BP网络模型.为了跟踪包含不同子结构的复杂背景,原始图像被划分为多个子块,并在相应的子块中选择训练样本对结构元进行优化.对真实图像数据的计算机仿真表明该算法在性能上优于其他传统算法.     

一种新的基于梯度方向直方图的图像配准方法*

构建了一种新的局部梯度方向直方图,同时定义了特征点的主方向,从而提出了一种具有旋转不变性的图像配准算法.首先采用高斯加权求模技术对特征点邻域内的像素的梯度作直方图统计,确定出具有旋转不变性和抗噪性的特征点主方向;然后用主方向作角度直方图统计,确定待配准图像之间的旋转角度.根据得到的特征点信息及旋转角度定义了特征点对互信息匹配准则,这样使得新配准算法对于图像间旋转角度的范围没有限制,获得了良好的配准效果.     

图像的多尺度几何分析概述*

以函数的稀疏表示为主线,详细介绍了各种多尺度几何分析产生的背景、发展历程和逼近性能,并分析了它们各自存在的优缺点,最后指出了其发展方向.     

特低渗透油藏启动压力梯度研究

针对单相和油水两相流体启动压力梯度的产生机理和对渗流规律的影响问题,通过稳态"压差-流量"测定启动压力梯度法,分别用模拟油、地层水、注入水和蒸馏水对我国某油田119块典型特低渗岩芯进行驱替实验,得到了单相和油水两相渗流的启动压力梯度值,分析了启动压力梯度的变化规律.物理模拟和理论研究都表明,不同渗流介质测得的启动压力梯度与渗透率均成幂函数关系,并且幂指数近似为-1.同时,由于毛管力和贾敏效应作用,油水两相启动压力梯度远远大于单相渗流的启动压力梯度.结合油田实际,说明了启动压力梯度在特低渗透油气藏开发中的应用.     

润滑耐磨梯度材料(LGM)辊环与离子渗硫处理的轧辊

在钴基碳化钨硬质合金基体上研制了一种润滑耐磨梯度材料LGM硬质合金及制造工艺，已成功应用于高速线材轧机的辊环。通过XRD和AES分析了梯度材料中硫化物、氧化物的组成和浓度分布．介绍了经低温离子渗硫处理的冷硬铸铁及冷硬合金铸铁轧辊。实践证明，梯度材料LGM辊环与离子渗硫后的铸铁轧辊使用寿命分别提高50％和100％。分析表明LGM辊环中硫化物、氧化物在高温下具有良好的润滑耐磨性能，减少了辊环表面微裂纹产生。     

定向凝固AZ31镁合金晶粒取向及力学性能研究

采用自行设计的定向凝固装置制备了AZ31镁合金铸件,通过金相观察、XRD分析和室温压缩试验,研究定向凝固工艺对AZ31镁合金晶粒取向和常温力学性能的影响。结果表明:定向凝固制备的AZ31镁合金铸件具有柱状晶组织,第二相呈球状弥散分布于晶粒内部。由于温度梯度的影响,晶体规律性地定向生长,呈现较明显的[1010]择优取向。该铸件在常温力学性能和塑性成形性能上表现出各向异性的特点。     

Effects of temperature and blank holding force on biaxial forming behavior of aluminum sheet alloys

Biaxial forming behavior is investigated for three aluminum sheet alloys (Al 5182 containing 1% Mn (5182+Mn), Al 5754, and 6111-T4) using a heated die and punch in the warm forming temperature range of 200–350 °C. It is found that, while all three alloys exhibit significant improvement in their formability compared with that at room temperature, the non-heat-treatable alloys 5182 + Mn and 5754 give higher part depths than that of heat-treatable 6111-T4. The formability generally increases with decreasing BHP (BHP), but increasing the forming temperature and/or BHP minimizes the wrinkling tendency and improves the forming performance. The stretchability of the sheet alloys increase with increasing temperature and increasing BHP. For the alloys and forming conditions involved in the current study, the formability, measured in terms of part depth, comes mainly from the drawing of metal into the die cavity, although stretching effects do influence the overall forming behavior. The optimum formability is achieved by setting the die temperature 50 °C higher than the punch temperature to enhance the drawing component. Setting the die temperature higher than the punch temperature also improves the strain distribution in a part in such a manner that postpones necking and fracture by altering the location of greatest thinning.     

Al-18%Si合金在梯度强磁场中凝固时初生硅的行为

研究了Al-18%Si合金在10 T梯度强磁场下加热至半固态和全熔态后的凝固过程,观察了初生硅的分布和形态,测定了其冷却曲线.结果表明:在磁场的磁感应强度和磁场梯度的乘积Bz·dBz/dz为正时,初生硅向上部聚集;而在Bz·dBz/dz为负时,初生硅向下部聚集;在强磁场下,加热至全熔态冷却下来的凝固组织中初晶硅的形态发生了明显的改变,由板片状转变为块状,初晶硅显著细化.对强磁场细化初晶硅的机制进行了探讨.     

Investigation on gradient material fabrication with electron beam melting based on scanning track control

A new electron beam control system was developed in a general vacuum electron beam machine by assembling with industrial control computer, programmable logic control （PLC）, deflection coil, data acquisition card, power amplifier, etc. In this control system, scanning track and energy distribution of electron beam could be edited off-line, real-time adjusted and controlled on-line. Ti-Mo gradient material （GM） with high temperature resistant was fabricated using the technology of electron beam melting. The melting processes include three steps, such as preheating, melting, and homogenizing. The results show that the GM prepared by melting technology has fine appearance, and it has good integrated interface with the Ti alloy. Mo and Ti elements are gradually distributed in the inter.face of the gradient material. The microstructure close to the Ti alloy base metal is α ＋ β basket-waver grain, and the microstructure close to the GM is a single phase of β solid solution.