基于改进多尺度形态学的带钢缺陷图像边缘检测

针对目前板带钢表面缺陷在线检测过程中无法准确地检测出所有缺陷边缘问题,根据带钢缺陷的特点,分析了结构元素的选取,提出了一种将多尺度形态学和多结构元素有机结合的边缘检测方法。该方法首先进行多尺度形态学滤波降噪,分别求取0°结构元素、45°结构元素、90°结构元素和135°结构元素带钢缺陷图像边缘;其次通过一定的运算组合,提取多结构边缘;最后对得到的带钢缺陷图像的边缘作二值化处理,再细化边缘得到缺陷图像边缘的最终结果。实验结果表明,该方法较好地解决了边缘检测精度与抗噪性能之间的协调问题,实现了在多个尺度上提取板带钢表面缺陷的边缘。同时能够较好地保留图像中缺陷的边缘细节信息,为带钢表面缺陷在线检测系统中自动分割、缺陷识别等后续处理奠定了基础。     

Q235钢基体LZAS微晶玻璃/Y-TZP梯度涂层接触应力的数值模拟

运用有限元软件对Hertz接触状态下Q235钢基体LZAS微晶玻璃/Y-TZP梯度涂层的接触应力进行了分析。讨论了梯度层厚度、梯度层层数和物性参数渐变方式(3Y-TZP体积组分差)对涂层接触应力分布情况的影响。结果表明:涂层的径向接触应力和Mises应力的最大值位于接触中心处,最大剪切应力则位于涂层表层下方靠近接触中心处;涂层表面径向应力、整体最大Mises应力和涂层/基体界面剪应力与涂层的层数、厚度以及3Y-TZP体积组分差均有密切关系。     

形态分量分析在转子早期碰摩故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于形态分量分析的转子早期碰摩故障诊断方法,该方法用形态分量分析从转子早期碰摩故障信号中提取出冲击成分。形态分量分析根据信号中各组成成分的形态差异,构建不同的稀疏表示字典对各组成成分进行分离。当转子系统中出现早期碰摩时,其振动信号往往由以转频及其谐波为主要成分的周期成分、包含转子早期碰摩故障信息的冲击成分及随机噪声构成。周期成分表现为信号中的平滑部分,而冲击成分则表现为信号中的细节部分,因此,可根据周期成分与冲击成分的形态差异,用形态分量分析实现二者的分离。对形态分量分析的阈值方法进行了改进,提出了基于半软阈值的形态分量分析,仿真结果表明,基于半软阈值的形态分量分析要优于基于硬阈值的形态分量分析。对某转子早期碰摩故障信号进行了分析,结果表明,基于半软阈值的形态分量分析能有效地提取转子早期碰摩故障信号中的冲击成分,进而诊断转子早期碰摩故障。     

Towards the Design of Metamaterials with Enhanced Damage Sensitivity: Second Gradient Porous Materials

Numerous computational and conceptual difficulties are often encountered when conceiving techniques which are effective in detecting damage intensity, localization, and onset. Actually, also when the semi-inverse or the material characterization problems (which are commonly formulated in this context) can be recognized to be well posed, the numerical and computational obstacles which need to be overcome can render useless the conceived methodology. In the present paper we propose to change the paradigm used up to now when addressing the problem of damage assessment in engineering materials. In fact, we propose to conceive a metamaterial the properties of which make more expedite and effective the detection of cracks onset and damage evolution via the study of reflection and transmission of waves. More particularly, porous materials with underlying heterogeneous micro-structure may magnify the effects of reflection and transmission of waves at damaged sites depending on the considered boundary conditions. Materials of this type would make easier the structural health monitoring via nondestructive evaluation of local damage and would permit to detect incipient structural failure in a more efficient way. By analyzing the characteristic patterns of the reflection and transmission properties of surfaces where damage is concentrated, we show that, in the considered metamaterials, slow incident waves can be used to detect the onset and evolution of first gradient macroscopic damage (δ _e ), while fast incident waves can be used to reveal loss of contact at the microscopic level, i.e. to detect the onset of second gradient macroscopic damage (δ _r ).     

BP神经网络在扬声器异常音检测中的应用

提出一种采用人工神经网络判断扬声器是否存在异常音的方法。首先简单介绍了获取扬声器异常音曲线的方法和人工神经网络中的BP模型及其训练方法,并比较了基本BP算法和共轭梯度法两种训练方法的差异。再将所获得的异常音曲线作为人工神经网络的输入向量,将听音员的听测结果作为目标向量,并使用共轭梯度法进行网络的训练。最后通过已训练好的人工神经网络判断扬声器是否存在异常音。实验结果表明,该方法可替代传统的人工设置门限的方法,并可大幅降低扬声器异常音检测的虚警率。     

多尺度岩体结构面抗剪强度直剪试验一体机的分级和验证

岩体结构面抗剪强度尺寸效应变化规律的研究需要在专门的多尺度岩体结构面抗剪强度直剪试验机上进行,以获得稳定的抗剪强度力学参数。为保证测试数据的可靠性,在满足测试载荷范围为2～1000 kN时要求恒定荷载示值精度为1％。由于现有测试系统的技术限制,无法实现在同一台设备上进行全部荷载的试验。为此,首先在提出一种设备荷载分级方法的基础上开发了一种多尺度岩体结构面抗剪强度直剪试验一体机,在满足测试精度的要求下分3级尺度直剪仪进行直剪测试,每一级尺度直剪仪设置了荷载重叠区以保证测试数据的等效性。最后对该直剪试验一体机的精度和载荷范围进行了测试,通过了多尺度试样的测试要求。目前该多尺度岩体结构面抗剪直剪试验一体机为多尺度试样的测试研究提供了平台。     

Structure-dependent Optical Activity of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Enantiomers

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples contain a variety of distinct structural species labeled by (n,m) indices. Nearly all of these are helical structures that can exist as left-handed or right-handed optical isomers. Although SWCNT growth processes give equal (racemic) mixtures of these enantiomers, recently developed separation methods can now provide samples with high optical purity. We report quantitative circular dichroism measurements on both enantiomers of five different semiconducting (n,m) species: (6,4), (7,3), (6,5), (8,3), and (8,4), plus one enantiomer of (7,5). The sorted samples were prepared by nonlinear density gradient ultracentrifugation. Helicities are deduced from the signs of circular dichroism (CD) signals at the E₂₂ transition, with guidance from theoretical modeling. For each species, circular dichroism and absorption spectra are compared at the E₂₂ peak to obtain ellipticities normalized to absorbance. The normalized ellipticities show no apparent correlation with SWCNT roll-up angle but decrease smoothly with increasing diameter. These findings represent the first results on structure-dependent nanotube chiroptical properties.     

A review of fracture toughness transferability with constraint and stress gradient

In this review paper, only constraint and stress gradient approaches to transferability of fracture toughness are examined. The different constraint parameters are defined and discussed, and one example is given in each case. Factors that influence the constraint are studied. Special attention is given to the actual trends to use the plastic constraint in the material failure master curve and the material transition temperature master curve. The paper also deals on the influence of T stress on the crack path and out‐of‐plane constraint and on the influence of thickness on fracture toughness. The uses of plasticity with gradient and the relative stress gradient in local fracture approaches are also examined.     

Key technology of D-InSAR at X-band for monitoring land subsidence in mining area and its application

In theory, land subsidence measurement results with high accuracy can be obtained by using the Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar （D-InSAR） at X-band. In practice, however, the measuring accuracy of D-InSAR at X-band has been seriously affected by some factors, e.g., decorrelation and high deformation gradient. In this work, the monitoring capability of D-InSAR for coal-mining subsidence is evaluated by using SAR data acquired by TerrraSAR-X system. The SAR image registration method for low coherence image pairs, the denoising phase filter for high noise level interferogram and atmospheric effects mitigation method are the key technical aspects which directly influence the measurement results of D-InSAR at X-band. Thus, a robust image registration method, an improved phase filter method and an atmospheric effects mitigation method are proposed in this paper. The proposed image registration method successfully achieves InSAR coregistration, while the amplitude cross-correlation cannot properly coregister low coherence SAR image pairs. Moreover, the time complexity of the proposed image registration method is obviously slighter than that of the Singular Value Decomposition （SVD） method. The comparing experiment results and the unwrapping phase results show that the improved Goldstein filter is more effective than the original Goldstein filter in noise elimination. The atmospheric influence correction experiment results show that the land subsidence areas with atmospheric influence correction are more clarified than that of without at- mospheric influence correction. In summary, the presented methods directly improved the measurement results of D-InSAR at X-band.     

基于梯度加速算法的LSP流量分配算法

本文在MPLS系统模型中提出了一种基于加速梯度算法的LSP流量分配算法。仿真结果表明,它可以减少由传统路由算法引起的网络拥塞和包丢失率;随着LSP请求数的增加减少了LSP的拒绝数,优化网络资源的利用率,降低了资源占用率,提高了系统的稳定性。