Study on the instability of organic field-effect transistors based on fluorinated copper phthalocyanine

The effects of positive and negative gate-bias stress on organic field-effect transistors (OFET) based on tantalum (Ta)/tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅)/fluorinated copper phthalocyanine (F₁₆CuPc) structure are investigated as a function of stress time and stress temperature. It is shown that gate-bias stress induces a parallel threshold voltage shift (ΔV_T) of OFETs without changes of field-effect mobility μ_EF and sub-threshold slope (ΔS). The ΔV_T is observed to be logarithmically dependent on time at high gate-bias appropriate to OFET operation. More importantly, the shift is directional, namely, be large shift under positive stress and almost do not move under negative stress. The threshold voltage shift is temperature dependent with activation energy of 0.51 eV. We concluded that threshold voltage shift of the OFET with F₁₆CuPc as active layer is due to charge trapping in the insulator in which trapped carriers have redistribution.     

Treatment of High Nitrate-Containing Wastewaters by Sequential Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Denitrification

The treatment performance of sequential heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification process was evaluated using synthetic wastewaters containing high nitrate concentrations. The effluents from two sequentially connected reactors, for heterotrophic denitrification and sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification, were analyzed for more than 200 days. Experimental results indicated that higher than 95% of the nitrate removal could be achieved with volumetric nitrate loading rates of 2.16, 3.24, and 4.32 kg/m3?d. The maximum denitrification rates, with 1,000 mgN/l influent nitrate concentrations, for the heterotrophic and sulfur-packed autotrophic reactors, were found to be 2.47 and 3.61 kg/m3?d, respectively. A sequential heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification process is considered a good alternative for the sole autotrophic denitrification process, providing excellent nitrate removal, especially for nitrate-rich wastewaters with very low organic contents.     

Improved Anaerobic Process Efficiency Using Mesophilic and Thermophilic Elutriated Phased Treatment

An innovative anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment (ADEPT) has been evaluated at mesophilic (M-ADEPT) (35°C) and thermophilic (T-ADEPT) (55°C) temperatures in which the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased until reactor failure (pH<5.5). Single-stage continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at both temperatures were also operated as controls (M-CSTR for 35°C and T-CSTR for 55°C). The T-CSTR failed at an OLR of 7.4 g volatile solid (VS)/L?day and the M-CSTR at an OLR of 10 g VS/L?day while the M-ADEPT continued until an OLR of 18 g VS/L?day and the T-ADEPT reached an OLR of 24 g VS/L?day before system failure. The T-CSTR produced the poorest effluent quality as manifested by high propionate concentrations (1,500–2,500 mg/L) while both M-ADEPT and T-ADEPT produced much better quality of effluent with propionate concentrations below 100 mg/L. Thus it appears that the T-ADEPT design may solve effluent quality problems associated with normally high propionate concentrations produced during thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Superior effluent quality, reduced reactor volume requirements, more stable methanogenesis due to the extended solids retention time, and uncoupling of the methanogen wasting from the refractory sludge wasting process resulted in stable and efficient processing at both temperatures for the innovative ADEPT design. Because the higher amounts of volatile fatty acids produced in the acid elutriation phase of the ADEPT system can be a favorable carbon source for biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants, this positive aspect should be considered in future applications of the ADEPT system.     

十红滩铀矿床有机地球化学特征及与铀成矿作用

十红滩铀矿床属层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床,赋存于中侏罗统西山窑组含煤碎屑岩中。容矿层岩石中富含有机质,有机碳、可溶有机物、酸解吸附烃在不同地球化学分带的岩石中含量大小不同,尤以氧化还原过渡带含量最高。矿石有机质母质类型为腐殖型,处于未成熟演化阶段,酸解吸附烃为煤成气型。统计计算表明:容矿层中铀和可溶有机物、酸解吸附烃含量之间具明显的相关关系。分析了有机质在砂岩型铀矿床形成过程中的作用,认为容矿层中有机质在含氧环境下分解的产物利于铀在水中的溶解和迁移,而在缺氧条件下分解的产物,构成铀沉淀的还原和吸附地球化学障,在铀的成矿过程中发挥重要的作用。     

电化学有机合成

总结了电化学有机合成的发展历史和现状，论述了工业化的可行性和应解决的几个关键问题．按照反应机理将电化学有机合成分为阳极氧化反应和阴极还原反应，并根据有机化合物的种类进行了总结和讨论，形成了一系列有机化合物的电化学合成法．最后对电化学有机合成的未来进行了展望．     

EES在有机朗肯循环系统热力特性仿真研究中的应用

有机朗肯循环（OrganicRankineCycle,ORC）是在传统朗肯循环中采用有机工质（~IRl13,R123等）代替水推动膨胀机做功的循环,本文根据集总参数法和能量守恒定律建立有机朗肯循环系统的数学模型,运用软件工程方程求解器（EngineeringEquationSolver,EES）进行仿真研究,得到不同工况下有机朗肯循环系统热力特性的变化规律。研究结果表明,提高系统蒸发压力、降低系统冷凝压力以及选择效率尽可能高的膨胀机,可以提高有机朗肯系统循环热效率。仿真计算结果与实验数据二者吻合较好,表明所发展的数学模型可以满足有机朗肯循环热力系统仿真的要求。     

用气相色谱法对水中有机磷农药的测定

本文采用固相萃取法预处理,然后用带有火焰光度检测器(FPD)的气相色谱仪测定有机磷农药。结果表明,该法具有简单、快速、准确的持点。     

A π-extended tetrathiafulvene derivative: Synthesis and photoluminescence properties

Solid-state emissive organic materials have received increasing attention due to their prospective applications in large-area. Here, a novel π-extended tetrathiafulvene derivative DPD with donor-π-donor structure has been newly developed to produce the prominent characteristic of aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) that exhibits higher fluorescence quantum efficiency in solid film compare to its solutions. The AIEE mechanism of DPD was studied in detail through photophysical investigations and can be dominant attributed to the formed excimer state of DPD and J-aggregates in solid state.     

Occurrence of priority organic pollutants in the fertilizers, China

The use of large quantities of chemical fertilizers is usually associated with environmental problems. A lot of work has been done on the concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides in chemical fertilizers, but little work has focused on the occurrence of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). In this study the occurrence of 43 SVOCs listed as priority pollutants in 22 widely used-fertilizers of China was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Twenty-six SVOCs were detected with different detection frequencies and concentrations. The most abundant compounds were phthalic acid esters (PAEs; ranging from 1.17 to 2795 microg kg(-1) dry weight, d.w.) and nitroaromatics (up to 9765 microg kg(-1) d.w.), followed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; <140 microg kg(-1) d.w.) and halogenated hydrocarbons (<900 microg kg(-1) d.w.). Chlorobenzenes and haloethers occurred generally at low concentrations. There are large variations in concentrations of various compounds in different fertilizers, and the total concentrations of each class of contaminants varied widely, too. The highest levels of sum concentration for 16 PAHs, for 6 PAEs and for nitroaromatics were found in organic fertilizer containing pesticide and soil amendments. Concentrations of SVOCs in coated fertilizers (the controlled release fertilizer with coating) were considerably higher than those in the corresponding fertilizers without coating. The occurrence frequencies of SVOCs in the straight fertilizers (containing only one of the major plant nutrients) were lower than in the other fertilizers.