输气站场管道的外腐蚀检测技术

为了确保输气站场管道安全稳定运行,防止站场管道发生腐蚀穿孔,需要对站场管道进行外腐蚀检测,知道站场管道状态做出安全评估。采用PCM检测方法检测管道防腐涂层损坏程度就可间接得到管道的腐蚀情况,从而实现埋地管线的不开挖检测。提出一些检测时需改进的意见。检测之前,要了解清楚站场管道的走向和埋深状况,以及各处配件状况,从而确定检测的管段和信号接入点位置;检测过程中,应尽量关闭埋地电源线的电源;检测完毕之后要对管道防腐涂层破损处进行定位,对于电磁信号波动比较大的地方,应多次测量,排除干扰因素,还可以开挖检测。所以,通过PCM检测防腐涂层来判断站场管道的外腐蚀情况是经济可行的方法。     

定形相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统数值模型的实验验证及参数分析

根据在北京进行的定形相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统的实验情况，作者对已建计算模型进行了修改，修改后的模型的计算结果与实验结果符合较好。在此基础上利用该模型研究了定形相变材料的熔点、相变潜热、相变半径及电加热功率等关键参数对相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统热性能的影响。     

高温相变蓄热器数值模拟与实验研究

高温相变蓄热器是空间太阳能热动力发电系统的关键部件之一,相变材料(PCM)蓄热是其中的关键技术。对以LiF-CaF2为PCM和以干空气为工质的蓄热系统进行了地面实验,并分别建立了相应条件下填充纯PCM和泡沫复合相变材料(FCPCM)的蓄热单元管数学模型。经过数值计算得到结果表明,纯PCM蓄热单元管计算值与实验数据吻合得很好,表明了计算模型的有效性;此外,对填充纯PCM和FCPCM的蓄热单元管的计算结果进行了比较,结果表明,泡沫的填充强化了PCM的导热性能,提高了蓄热系统的热性能。     

基于遥测技术的舱室环境移动监测系统设计与实现

实时测定坦克在行进过程中舱室内的状态参数和环境参数对分析噪声、冲击、振动及有害气体对舱室人员身心健康的影响具有重要意义。采用PCM／FM体制的遥测系统来实现坦克在行进过程中舱室内被测参数的实时传输。对舱室环境参数测试方法、遥测系统的容量和信道设计等关键技术进行了详细的分析。试验测试结果表明,系统具有数据远距离和高速实时传输的优点,既可满足地面环境要求,又能够满足实车野外测试的实际应用环境,达到了工程实用化。     

炮射多传感器侦察系统传输研究

采用时分多址（TDMA）和脉冲编码调制（PCM）传输体制来实现基于炮射布设的多传感器探测传输系统,简述了系统组成与工作原理,从设计角度出发,对电波沿地表面传输时的场强进行了理论分析,并通过实验给出了系统能达到的主要技术指标。     

基于单簇聚类的数据描述

文中提出了一种基于单簇可能性C-均值聚类(Possibilistjc C-Means,PCM)的数据描述方法并用于单分类.训练时,其首先进行P1M(PCM,C值取1)聚类,得到所有训练样本对目标类的隶属度;然后设置隶属度阈值,形成相应的数据描述进行单分类.分类时,计算新样本对目标类的隶属度,若其隶属度小于该阈值则判为异常,否则为正常.该方法和当前流行的支持向量域数据描述方法以及Parzen方法窗具有类似的参数配置和相当的分类性能,由此提供了另一种单分类学习算法.值得指出的是,尽管是PCM的一个特例,但P1M拥有PCM一般不具备的全局最优特性,而该特性对解决实际问题十分重要.     

OPTIMIZATION OF DISPLACEMENT AND GLIDING PATH AND IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE FOR AN UNDERWATER THERMAL GLIDER

The underwater thermal glider utilizes ocean thermal energy to change its buoyancy, which enables it to ascend and descend. A Phase Change Material (PCM) as the working fluid inside the thermal engine tubes is sensitive to the surrounding seawater temperature, whose effects are different with the various displacements and gliding angles of the glider. In this paper, the effects of the displacement and the gliding angle on the performance of the thermal engine were studied numerically and experimentally. On this basis, the ways to eliminate the negative effect of a thermocline on the performance of the thermal engine were obtained. The results show that the displacement and gliding angle affect the transition time of the PCM. There exist the threshold values of the displacement and gliding angle for the normal work of thermal engine. There are two means of eliminating the negative effect of a thermocline on the performance of the thermal engine and improving glider performance: one is to increase the displacement, and the other is to decrease the absolute value of the gliding angle. There is also another better way to improve glider performance.     

Melting of PCM in a thermal energy storage unit: Numerical investigation and effect of nanoparticle enhancement

The present paper describes the analysis of the melting process in a single vertical shell‐and‐tube latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES), unit and it is directed at understanding the thermal performance of the system. The study is realized using a computational fluid‐dynamic (CFD) model that takes into account of the phase‐change phenomenon by means of the enthalpy method. Fluid flow is fully resolved in the liquid phase‐change material (PCM) in order to elucidate the role of natural convection. The unsteady evolution of the melting front and the velocity and temperature fields is detailed. Temperature profiles are analyzed and compared with experimental data available in the literature. Other relevant quantities are also monitored, including energy stored and heat flux exchanged between PCM and HTF. The results demonstrate that natural convection within PCM and inlet HTF temperature significantly affects the phase‐change process. Thermal enhancement through the dispersion of highly conductive nanoparticles in the base PCM is considered in the second part of the paper. Thermal behavior of the LHTES unit charged with nano‐enhanced PCM is numerically analyzed and compared with the original system configuration. Due to increase of thermal conductivity, augmented thermal performance is observed: melting time is reduced of 15% when nano‐enhanced PCM with particle volume fraction of 4% is adopted. Similar improvements of the heat transfer rate are also detected. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复配石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩相变颗粒的热性能研究

通过固体石蜡与液体石蜡熔融混合复配制成低熔点相变石蜡,其中以固液比1:1制备的相变石蜡熔点为25.1℃,潜热为104.3kJ/kg.500次冷热相变循环后石蜡的热物性仅轻微衰减,热化学稳定性好.利用多孔膨胀珍珠岩吸附熔融石蜡可以制备石蜡,膨胀珍珠岩相变颗粒,其中石蜡:珍珠岩质量比为3.5:1.0的相变颗粒不团聚,石蜡含量最高为77.78%.通过SEM、FT-IR、DSC等表征手段测得:该相变颗粒熔点为25.6℃,潜热为80.3k/Ag,具有优良的热物性;相变颗粒仅仅是石蜡和膨胀珍珠岩的嵌合,可以加入到墙体材料中用于建筑节能.     

PCM设备的故障处理

PCM（脉冲编码调制）设备作为常用的终端设备，对其故障快速判别处理是非常重要的。根据实际维护经验，介绍了2M、二线、四线等故障的分析处理，包括一些特殊故障的定位分析，具有通用性，可作为维护工作的参考。