Treatment issues arising in working with victims of violent crime and other traumatic incidents of adulthood.

This article examines treatment issues in the assessment and treatment of trauma resulting from incidents of adulthood, as exemplified by the experience of victims of violent crime. Issues addressed include resistance, trauma-engineered identifications, roles based on violence-based parataxic distortions, and recommendations for an integrative ongoing listening perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

关于现有X,γ射线防护监测仪对测量光子周围剂量当量适用性的探讨

本文扼要地论述了现有 X,γ射线防护监测仪对测量 ICRU 第39号报告定义的周围剂量当量的适用性问题。     

Does repression exist? Memory, pathogenic, unconscious and clinical evidence.

The current dispute regarding the existence of repression has mainly focused on whether people remember or forget trauma. Repression, however, is a multidimensional construct, which, in addition to the memory aspect, consists of pathogenic effects on adjustment and the unconscious. Accordingly, in order to arrive at a more accurate decision regarding the existence of repression, studies relevant to all three areas are reviewed. Moreover, since psychoanalysis regards repression as a key factor in accounting for the development and treatment of neurotic disorders, relevant research from these two domains are also taken into account. This comprehensive evaluation reveals little empirical justification for maintaining the psychoanalytic concept of repression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

曲面工件超声波检测的扫描方法进展

曲面工件的超声波检测中，由于工件表面曲率对超声波速的散射和聚焦，如何将超声波束准确可靠地投射到工件内的待检测区域，是检测工作中比较关心的问题。本文对棒材和管材超声波检测中常用折发描方法作了评述，介绍了最近几年出现的适于棒材和管材和接触法和水浸法探伤方法。     

Prospective predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: Direct and mediated relations.

This study assessed the relations between pretrauma risk (neuroticism, negative affect, prior distress) and protective (self-esteem, optimism) factors and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and potential mediators (subjective event-related distress, unsupportive social interactions, perceived control) of those relations. Students (N = 1,528) at four U.S. universities completed online surveys assessing pretrauma risk and protective factors at Time 1 (T1); 84% (N = 1,281) completed a survey 2 months later (T2). PTSD symptoms and the three potential mediators were assessed among those who experienced potentially traumatic events between T1 and T2 (n = 264). PTSD symptoms related to prior traumas were controlled in all analyses. In structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses, the relation between risk factors and PTSD symptoms was mediated by unsupportive social interactions. Protective factors did not independently predict PTSD symptoms when risk factors also were included in the SEM models. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Macropore density as a function of HF-concentration and bias

Usually, n-macropore density was determined by SCR (space charge region) width. In this paper, under both constant-voltage and galvanostatic conditions, a markedly positive correlation between pore density and HF concentration was evidenced despite a fixed SCR width on low-doped n-Si; the phenomena observed differ a bit from the results dependent on SCR effects. Based on breakdown mechanism and current-burst-model (CBM), an interpretation was given. Additionally, for a given electrolyte and illumination, the correlation between pore density and etching voltage was also found to be considerably positive: both penetrating and focusing power of field strength was supposed to be the underlying factors. The as-produced macropores could be probably significant due to their high density, fast etch-rate and good controllability.     

Popular self-help books for anxiety, depression, and trauma: How scientifically grounded and useful are they?

Self-help books for psychological disorders have become increasingly popular, yet there is surprisingly little research on their scientific status or overall utility. The authors identified 50 top-selling self-help books for anxiety, depressive, and trauma-related disorders. Using a scale derived from the literature on bibliotherapy, expert psychologists rated each book on overall usefulness, grounding in psychological science, the extent to which it offers reasonable expectations, the extent to which it offers specific guidance for implementing the self-help techniques and for monitoring treatment progress, and whether it offers potentially harmful advice. The results revealed strong intercorrelations among the scales, such that books scoring high along one dimension tended to score high along others. There was wide variability in the overall quality of the books, but several factors emerged as predictors of book quality. The most highly rated books tended to be those having a cognitive behavioral perspective, those written by mental health professionals, those written by authors holding a doctoral degree, and those focusing on specific problems. Implications of the findings, including specific recommendations for authors and consumers of self-help books, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

International Humanitarian Award.

Presents a citation for Karen L. Hanscom, who received the 2001 International Humanitarian Award, for "her commitment to human rights, to the healing of torture victims, and to educating the world community about torture." The International Humanitarian Award recognizes extraordinary humanitarian services and activism by psychologists, including professional and volunteer work conducted primarily in the field with underserved populations. Accompanying the citation are a biography of the recipient and her award address, entitled "Treating Survivors of War Trauma and Torture." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

关于ICRU39号报告中的辐射量的讨论

本文介绍了 ICRU39号报告中提出的用于场所监测和个人剂量监测的四个辐射量的概念和特性,分析了它与以往的用剂量当量指数量方案的差别和改进之处,指出了它在实用中还存在的一些困难和应用中尚须注意的问题。     

Social problem solving as a mediator of the stress-pain relationship among individuals with noncardiac chest pain.

Objective: The present study tested the hypothesis that social problem solving (SPS) served to mediate the relationship between preceived stress and noncardiac chest pain (NCCP). Design: Adults undergoing stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) to determine the presence of underlying cardiovascular disease related to the experience of chest pain were recruited prior to stress testing to complete a series of self-report inventories. Main Outcome Measures: MPI results were used to identify individuals with NCCP (N = 166; 91 men, 75 women; mean age = 53.92 years, SD = 11.98). Measures included perceived stress, SPS, and chest pain frequency and intensity. Results: In direct tests of the mediational effects of SPS, it was found that two problem-solving dimensions, negative problem orientation and rational problem solving, each served as significant mediators of the effects of stress on both NCCP intensity and frequency. Conclusion: These results support a mediational analysis of NCCP that includes stress and SPS. As such, it identifies SPS as a potentially important clinical target to consider when developing future psychosocial-based therapy protocols for treating individuals with NCCP. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)