Which algorithm should I choose: An evolutionary algorithm portfolio approach

Many good evolutionary algorithms have been proposed in the past. However, frequently, the question arises that given a problem, one is at a loss of which algorithm to choose. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm portfolio approach to address the above problem for single objective optimization. A portfolio of evolutionary algorithms is first formed. Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), History driven Evolutionary Algorithm (HdEA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO2011) and Self adaptive Differential Evolution (SaDE) are chosen as component algorithms. Each algorithm runs independently with no information exchange. At any point in time, the algorithm with the best predicted performance is run for one generation, after which the performance is predicted again. The best algorithm runs for the next generation, and the process goes on. In this way, algorithms switch automatically as a function of the computational budget. This novel algorithm is named Multiple Evolutionary Algorithm (MultiEA). The predictor we introduced has the nice property of being parameter-less, and algorithms switch automatically as a function of budget. The following contributions are made: (1) experimental results on 24 benchmark functions show that MultiEA outperforms (i) Multialgorithm Genetically Adaptive Method for Single Objective Optimization (AMALGAM-SO); (ii) Population-based Algorithm Portfolio (PAP); (iii) a multiple algorithm approach which chooses an algorithm randomly (RandEA); and (iv) a multiple algorithm approach which divides the computational budget evenly and execute all algorithms in parallel (ExhEA). This shows that it outperforms existing portfolio approaches and the predictor is functioning well. (2) Moreover, a neck to neck comparison of MultiEA with CMA-ES, HdEA, PSO2011, and SaDE is also made. Experimental results show that the performance of MultiEA is very competitive. In particular, MultiEA, being a portfolio algorithm, is sometimes even better than all its individual algorithms, and has more robust performance. (3) Furthermore, a positive synergic effect is discovered, namely, MultiEA can sometimes perform better than the sum of its individual EAs. This gives interesting insights into why an algorithm portfolio is a good approach. (4) It is found that MultiEA scales as well as the best algorithm in the portfolio. This suggests that MultiEA scales up nicely, which is a desirable algorithmic feature. (5) Finally, the performance of MultiEA is investigated on a real world problem. It is found that MultiEA can select the most suitable algorithm for the problem and is much better than choosing algorithms randomly.     

指控装备通信接口可重构测试系统软件框架设计

指控装备通信接口种类繁多,每种接口的测试需求也不尽相同,传统接口测试系统大多仅针对某个厂家的具体设备和接口开发,功能单一,软硬件重用率低,更新维护成本高;针对上述问题,分析总结了指控装备通信接口的接口特性和测试需求,通过深入研究小型化SCA技术,设计了满足通信接口可重构测试需求的自定义中间件和自定义核心框架,完成了可在通用小型硬件平台上实现的指控装备通信接口可重构测试系统软件框架;由系统典型测试流程图可看出,用户仅通过更改应用组件和系统配置即可实现对多种通信接口的可重构测试,增强了测试系统的通用性和灵活性,提高了测试系统软硬件的重用率,降低了接口测试系统的开发和维护费用。     

热强度试验中热电偶调理模块的设计与应用

热强度试验现场环境复杂,会对热电偶、热流等微弱电压信号产生较大电磁干扰,影响测量精度甚至控制信号精度。本文描述了热电偶调理模块的设计,对小信号进行隔离放大,有效抑制热强度试验存在的干扰,提高了系统的精度。     

飞机外露物隐身改进设计研究

外露物在一定程度上影响飞机隐身性能,而外露物的共形设计会增加成本。针对低成本准隐身飞机,本文探讨了一种外露物的隐身改进设计,主要采取优化外形,涂敷吸波材料、提升加工工艺等措施实现低成本飞机RCS值的缩减。经过隐身仿真、隐身测试等手段,获取了外露物在不同频点、不同极化下的RCS值,并通过仿真、测试数据对比验证采取隐身改进措施的有效性,并为其它外露物隐身设计提供了设计依据和手段。     

VXI总线多通道压力传感器仿真模块设计与实现

某型发动机系统主要由综控器、传感器、电机泵、电磁阀等部件组成,综控器是整个系统的核心控制部件,为测试综控器的性能是否符合要求,需要为综控器提供各种工况下的传感器(主要为压力传感器)数据进行仿真试验;采用真实的压力传感器开展上述工作,一方面需要构建复杂的工作环境,难度大、数据精确度难以保证,另一方面地面环境下的传感器信号变化难以实时调整,难以满足数据快速变化的需要;基于以上因素考虑,给出了一种基于VXI总线的多通道压力传感器仿真模块的设计方法,模块共有24路压力传感器电路,每路独立配置输出;模块以“VXI总线接口电路+VXI总线功能电路”的结构进行布局,VXI总线接口电路主要包括“CPLD+双口RAM”,对VXI总线指令进行解释、译码;VXI总线功能电路主要包括“96系列单片机+DA输出电路+两线压力传感器电路”,完成对真实传感器输出信号的电气特性仿真模拟;模块的驱动程序在Lab Windows/CVI6.0的环境下编制,供用户进行程序调用和快速操作使用;该模块已在VXI总线测试系统中得到应用,实际情况表明,模块的输出精度高、信号调整方便、响应快,满足了综控器仿真深度测试的要求。     

一种宽量程气压传感器的接口电路设计与测试标定

高空探测气压传感器,其特点是测量量程宽,满足常压到极低压(10 hPa)测量,因此,专用型压阻式气压传感器输出信号检测与数模转换接口电路的设计,是推广高空探测气压传感器应用的关键技术之一,具有十分重要的现实意义和广阔的使用前景。本文针对宽量程检测特点设计了压阻式气压传感器专用接口电路,解决了传感器微小电阻变化量的检测问题,并对传感器性能进行测试分析与标定,可实现传感器全量程误差不超过2.6 hPa,并实现数字化输出,完成传感器接口电路设计。     

基于压电振动俘能的自供电刮板输送机张力检测系统

为实现对刮板输送机运行过程中链条张力的有效检测,克服供电模块需要定期拆卸更换的难题,提出了一种基于压电振动俘能自供电的刮板输送机张力检测系统.通过采集刮板运行过程中产生的振动能量实现电能的有效转换,保证张力检测装置和无线信号发射装置长期有效工作.通过系统多个周期张力检测实验结果表明,检测系统自供电性能稳定;截取103 s的单周期进行分析,刮板经过链轮时的最大张力峰值为274.2 kN,通过计算两端部啮合点张力的差值得到下边链的运行阻力为12 kN,测试结果符合现场实际工况,表明系统具有较高的检测精度及可靠性.     

压力表计量检定及校准方法探讨

压力表是社会工业化生产中使用较为广泛的计量工具,其显示数据的精确度和正确性直接关系着工业生产中仪器设备的运行安全性和企业生产的安全。简要介绍了压力表的结构,阐述了压力表检定与校准之间的区别,分析了压力表检定频率和检定的操作方法,并指出了在压力表检定过程中常出现的问题,以期为相关工作提供借鉴。     

STM32单片机多串口通信仿真测试技术研究

使用 STM32单片机进行多串口通信,采用虚拟串口软件(VSPD)结合串口调试软件进行多串口通信发送和接收功能的仿真测试研究,克服了 RealView 软件不能仿真接收通信的缺点。介绍了虚拟串口和仿真串口的绑定方法,给出了各模块的软件代码。仿真测试结果表明,采用该方法,可以在没有硬件平台的情况下,完成基于 STM32多串口收发通信的软件开发应用。     

Reliability and mechanical durability tests of flexible OLED with ALD coating

To improve the reliability and mechanical durability of a flexible organic light‐emitting diode display, the entire flexible display is coated with an aluminum oxide film by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Because the step coverage of ALD is excellent, the AlO_x film was deposited not only on the front and back surfaces but also on the side surfaces of the display. A high‐temperature and high‐humidity preservation test, repetitive bending tests, and a pencil hardness test were conducted on the flexible display with ALD‐AlO_x coating. The display survived 500 h of a 65°C, 95% preservation test, endured a 100,000‐time repetitive bending test with a curvature radius of 4 mm, and was found to have a pencil hardness of 4H.