A Review of Dynamic Fracture Studies in Functionally Graded Materials

Abstract:  This article presents a review of dynamic fracture studies on functionally graded materials. A brief literature review on the fracture mechanics of graded materials is presented first. This is followed by a discussion on the higher-order asymptotic analysis of the transient elastic field surrounding the tip of a dynamically growing crack in a functionally graded material. A comprehensive experimental study of dynamic crack growth in model functionally graded material using the optical method of reflection photoelasticity and high-speed photography is then presented. The results are analysed to establish a generalised relationship between the crack velocity and the dynamic mode-I stress intensity factor (SIF). This relationship is found to be unique and is distinctly different from that previously established for the matrix material (polyester). Finally, an innovative experimental procedure is used to demonstrate the necessity of employing a fully transient stress-field representation in the analysis of optical data for an accurate prediction of the dynamic SIF history.     

School-Based Child-Centered Play Therapy with Hispanic Children: Outcomes and Cultural Consideration.

Hispanic children are the fastest growing segment of the population. Numerous factors place them at-risk for school success. This study examined the effects of Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) compared to a curriculum-based small group intervention with 29 Hispanic children referred for school counseling due to behavior problems. Children were assigned to treatment groups by random drawing within grade levels. Treatment was provided by Hispanic bilingual counselors. Statistical analysis revealed that, according to parent report, children receiving CCPT showed statistically significant decreases in externalizing behavior problems, compared to the curriculum-based treatment group. Effect size calculations revealed that CCPT demonstrated a large treatment effect on externalizing behavior problems and a moderate treatment effect on internalizing behavior problems. Cultural considerations and recommendations for practice and future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

压裂斜井时射孔处雁形裂缝产生及干扰分析

在已射孔的斜井压裂过程中，射孔孔眼处会出现一系列的几乎相互平行的雁形裂缝。这些裂缝的延伸、连接受到地层应力及裂缝本身的影响，情况较为复杂，但它们的延伸和连接对压裂的成功与否至关重要。笔者对裂缝模型进行简化，将复变函数理论与位错理论相结合，并且考虑了裂缝表面有流体压力作用且裂缝之间存在相互干扰的情况下，建立了无限大介质中裂尖应力强度因子的数学模型，利用该模型可对雁型裂缝之间的相互干扰进行力学分析。应用数值方法对所建立的数学模型求解，得到裂尖的应力强度因子及转角，来预测裂缝连接情况。该结果可用来指导压裂井的射孔施工。     

Influence of Missing Values on the Prediction of a Stationary Time Series

Abstract. The influence of missing observations on the linear prediction of a stationary time series is investigated. Simple bounds for the prediction error variance and asymptotic behaviours for short and long‐memory processes respectively are presented.     

Reticulated Porous Multiphase Ceramics with Improved Compressive Strength and Fracture Toughness

A multiphase reticulated porous ceramic (RPC) as Si₃N₄–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ was fabricated by replication techniques. Proper volumes of additives and twice sinter- twice immerse process endow the RPC an excellent crack healing and submerging property. The compressive strength and fracture toughness improved owing to the crack bridging behavior. The existence of pores in struts in RPC blunt the crack tip and increased the external force needed to propagate the crack. The mechanisms play a beneficial role in enhancing the compressive strength and fracture strength. Si₃N₄ RPC with additives of 5%Al and 5% Al₂O₃ yielded the compressive strength of 9.8 MPa and fracture toughness of 0.3 MPa m^1/2.     

关于地方本科学院组建和发展中若干问题的探讨

本文论述了组建地方本科学院的客观必然性，分析了在组建和发展过程中亟待解决的矛盾和问题，提出了政府应加大宏观调控力度，对高等教育地方化应有理性选择，努力办出特色应成为学院发展的核心任务。     

高强铝合金断裂韧性的研究现状及展望

通过对三种裂纹模式的概述，引出了铝合金断裂韧性的概念及断裂判据，重点评述了影响高强铝合金断裂韧性的内在与外在因素，以及断裂韧性与其它力学性能间的关系，最后提出了几个在今后的研究及应用中需要重点解决的问题。     

金属矿山当前面临的主要问题及对策

叙述了为了解我国金属矿山当前面临的突出问题，必须充分依靠科技进步和技术创新，大力提高矿山企业的技术水平，装备水平和管理水平。     

利用测井资料预测塔河油田地层破裂压力

针对塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏 ,介绍了地层破裂压力预测和地层裂缝高度预测的基本原理 ,选择了塔河油田 4口井的资料进行了破裂压力和裂缝高度预测的成果处理。为塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层改造提供了较为可靠的施工参数