平煤十三矿采动覆岩裂隙演化规律研究

当煤矿自矿区采出时,采空区上覆岩层会发生变形破坏,一方面煤矿资源会向裂隙发育部位运移,另一方面则存在一定的矿区安全隐患。为了保证煤矿开采工程的安全性,准确掌握矿产运移分布情况,本文采用了关键层理论和数值模拟的方法,以此分析采动覆岩的裂隙演化规律。研究结果显示,裂隙在走向和倾向上呈现出"梯形台"发育特征,在采空区上方裂隙呈现出中部压实、四周发育的"O"形圈分布;在采空区边缘形成卸压区域,此区域裂隙发育,具有较好的抽采效果。除此之外,采空区中部压实区域宽度范围为175m,裂隙不发育,离层率趋于0;采空区进风巷侧35m、回风巷侧30m范围内离层率较大,最大离层率达到了136mm/m。本文通过数值模拟得到了平煤十三矿采动覆岩的裂隙演化规律,这不仅为煤矿资源抽采提供了理论依据,而且为煤矿安全事故防治工作提供了保障。     

上公山隧洞TBM掘进主要工程地质问题及施工对策

阐述了上公山隧洞TBM掘进过程中遇到的诸如断层破碎带、节理密集带、软岩大变形、岩溶、地下水等主要工程地质问题，并详细地介绍了相应的工程处理措施。     

图文解码矿山地质环境问题

准确识别和把控矿山地质环境问题是矿山安全生产和矿区生态文明建设的重要内容,矿山地质环境问题的解码对于矿产资源开发和矿区环境保护具有十分重要的意义。本文通过常见矿山地质灾害、含水层破坏及其危害、水土污染和地形地貌景观破坏等四个方面对矿山地质环境问题进行阐述,通过图文并茂的形式解码矿山开采引发的环境问题,更直观地展现矿业开发对地质环境和生态空间的影响,以期增强人们对矿业开发引发环境问题的重视,引导更多人参与到保护矿山地质环境的行列中,也为科学规划矿业开发,匹配矿区环境承载能力等矿业综合监管提供了方向性支撑。     

改善块体金属玻璃室温脆性的研究进展

块体金属玻璃有许多优良的性能,如高强度、高硬度、高比强度、好的耐腐蚀抗力以及优良的软磁性能等。然而,近乎于零的室温塑性应变严重限制了其作为结构材料的实际应用。总结了近年来改善块体金属玻璃室温脆性的最新研究进展,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了分析。     

Semianalytical method of two-phase liquid transport in shale reservoirs and its application in fracture characterization

This study presents a new semi-analytical method to simulate the two-phase liquid transport in hydraulic fractures (HF) and matrix system, which can be applied to characterize HF attributes and dynamics using the flowback data from hydraulically fractured shale oil wells. The proposed approach includes a fracture model for HF properties calculation and a matrix model capable of considering multiple liquid transport mechanisms in shale nanopores. The proposed method is first validated with the numerical simulation then applied to a field example in Eagle Ford shale. The numerical validation confirms that our method can accurately characterize fracture attributes and closure dynamics by closely estimating the initial fracture permeability, pore-volume, compressibility, and permeability modulus. Furthermore, the analysis results from numerical simulation and a field example both indicate a clear flow enhancement and deficit for oil and water transport, respectively, due to the slippage effect and variation of fluid properties inside nanopores.     

Fragmentation and granular transition of ceramics for high rate loading

The paper presents a numerical model to study the transition of brittle materials from a cracked solid to a granular medium under impact loading. The model addresses competitive crack coalescence in the transition regime and provides insight into the onset of comminution and the initial conditions for subsequent granular flow. Crack statistics obtained from initial flaws using a wing crack growth-based damage model have been used to discretely model elliptical cracks in three dimensions. These discrete cracks are either generated randomly in space or with a constraint that minimizes the intersection between neighboring cracks. These cracks are then allowed to coalesce with nearby cracks along with favorable directions and the output fragment statistics are predicted. A simple statistical model is proposed that suggests a transition criterion resembling the one obtained from the numerical model. Initial fragments are power-law distributed similarly to experimental observations and particle-based models. A generalized form of a microstructure-dependent granular transition criterion based on a threshold measure of crack lengths has been proposed. This model can be implemented in numerical codes to activate granular physics and calibrate the initial conditions of granular flow, such as fragment size and morphology.     

混凝土单轴受拉断裂行为的近场动力学模拟

混凝土的宏观力学行为取决于材料组成及其性质。本文基于键基近场动力学理论建立了多相非均质性的混凝土细观尺度数值模型,研究了单轴拉伸作用下混凝土的宏观力学性能和断裂过程。通过改变粗骨料含量、砂浆强度、粗骨料强度以及界面过渡区强度对模型合理性进行了验证。结果表明:软化段之前的应力-应变曲线能够被很好重现,能准确描述混凝土在单轴拉伸作用下的力学性能和断裂过程;调整数值模型中各相材料的力学参数能够合理模拟出不同类型的混凝土在单轴拉伸作用下的断裂过程。     

初始缝高比对钢纤维混凝土断裂性能的影响

为研究初始缝高比对钢纤维混凝土断裂性能的影响,对三种不同初始缝高比(0.1、0.2、0.3)的钢纤维混凝土开展断裂韧性试验,计算相关的断裂参数,并借助声发射(AE)和数字图像法(DIC)分析了裂缝发展过程中AE能量和全场应变的变化规律。结果表明,钢纤维混凝土的断裂韧性随初始缝高比的增大呈减小趋势,当初始缝高比为0.3时钢纤维混凝土的断裂性能大幅下降。钢纤维混凝土的断裂过程可根据AE能量划分为弹塑性阶段、裂纹稳定扩展阶段和断裂阶段,随初始缝高比增加,弹塑性阶段持续时间减少。DIC分析结果表明,在整个加载过程中,预制裂缝尖端会产生较大的应力集中,裂缝的横向应变较大。研究结果揭示了钢纤维混凝土裂缝发展机理,可为其工程应用提供理论支持。     

Influence of metallic properties on the fracture characteristics of Al2O3/Ti/Ni-laminated composites

The mutual confinement of ceramics and metals in laminated composites tends to change the original properties of ceramics and metals. In this study, two kinds of laminated composites, Al₂O₃/Ti and Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni, were prepared. Three-point bending experiments revealed that Al₂O₃/Ti underwent brittle fracture after elastic deformation. The fracture morphology analysis revealed that the Ti in Al₂O₃/Ti became brittle due to the formation of columnar crystals. The temperature gradient perpendicular to the direction of laminations during preparation was responsible for the formation of columnar crystals. The force–displacement curves of the Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni combine the properties of elastic deformation of ceramics and plastic deformation of metals. The reason why the Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni did not fracture completely in the bending experiments is that Ni maintained the toughness, and there is a good interfacial bond among Al₂O₃, Ti, and Ni. The indentation crack analysis revealed that cracks have long transverse propagation and short longitudinal propagation in both laminated composites. Finite element analysis revealed that this was due to compressive stress in the Al₂O₃ layer and tensile stress in the metal layer. This compressive stress consumes the crack energy in the longitudinal direction and stops the crack in the metal layer. The brittle to ductile gradient transition among Al₂O₃, Ti, and Ni, combined with the guidance of crack propagation direction by the interfacial layer, enhances the ability of Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni to resist damage.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamic response of a ZrB2-SiC ceramic under uniaxial compression

The dynamic experimental tests were performed on cylindrical zirconium diboride-silicon carbide ceramic specimens under the uniaxial compression from 519 to 2861 s⁻¹. The effect of the strain rate on the dynamic response of a ZrB₂-SiC ceramic was investigated using experimental and numerical methods. A significant increase on the dynamic compressive strength, elastic modulus, and the dynamic tensile strength was found with the increase of the strain rate. The damage process and fracture pattern of the ZrB₂-SiC ceramic exhibited a significant strain-rate dependence under the dynamic compression. The strain rate-dependent elastic modulus and tensile strength were introduced into Johnson–Holmquist (JH-2) model to predict the dynamic compression behavior of the ZrB₂-SiC ceramic. The simulation results of the dynamic compressive strength, stress–strain relation, and fracture patterns were in good accordance with the dynamic experimental results.