Investigation of fusion reactions in palladium and titanium tritide using galvanostatic,coulometric, and hydrogen permeation techniques

We describe several electrochemical methods used to investigate the possibility of cold fusion phenomena in palladium and titanium tritide cathodes. We performed long-term (up to 77 days) electrolysis experiments with electrochemical cells of the University of Utah type at current densities as high as 1 A/cm², while monitoring neutron and tritium levels. With some cells, we pulsed the current to determine if neutron bursts would result. In another cell, we used titanium tritide as the cathode to determine if D-T reactions yielding neutrons would occur. In no instance were levels of neutrons or tritium significantly above background except in the titanium tritide cell where isotopic exchange, occcurring between the electrode and the electrolyte, resulted in significant tritium levels. We also combined x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical hydrogen permeation experiments to determine the effectiveness of various Pd surface treatment procedures on the resultant electrochemical hydrogen absorption efficiency. Electroanalytical and thermal desorption/gas analysis techniques indicated the maximum loading of H in Pd was to a ratio of HPd=0.8.     

Isochoric specific heat of sulfur hexafluoride at the critical point: Laboratory results and outline of a spacelab experiment for the d1-mission in 1985

The specific heat at constant volume c_v shows a weak singularity at the critical point. Renormalization group techniques have been applied, predicting a universal critical behavior which has to be experimentally confirmed for different systems. In this paper an experiment is presented to measure the specific heat of SF₆ along the critical isochore (_c=0.737 g·cm^–3), applying a continuous heating method. The results cover a temperature span of –1.5×10^–2< <1.70×10^–2 [=(T–T _c)/T _c] and were strongly affected by gravity effects that emerge in the sample of 1-mm hydrostatic height near the critical point. Using regression analysis, data were fitted with functions of the form c _v/R=A × ¦¦^– + B for the one-phase state and c _v/R=A × ¦¦^– + B for the twophase state. Within their error bounds the critical values (==0.098, A/A=1.83) represent the measurements for the temperature span 3.5×10^{–5< ¦¦<2.0×10 –3}, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. In order to exclude density profiles in the specimen, which are unavoidable in terrestrial experiments due to the high compressibility of fluids at the critical point and the gravity force, a space-qualified scanning ratio calorimeter has been constructed, which will permit long-term c_v measurements under microgravity (-g) conditions. The experiment will be part of the German Spacelab mission in October 1985. The significant features of the apparatus are briefly sketched.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Adverse impact: Is it a viable concept?

It appears that those federal agencies responsible for enforcement persist in the belief that a given test score can mean one thing in one subgroup and something else in another and/or that inferences from a set of test scores can be valid for one subgroup but not for another. First surfacing in early agency regulations in connection with the now discontinued "differential validity" requirement, the belief still manifests itself in the concepts of "unfairness" and "adverse impact." Furthermore, the determination of the presence or absence of adverse impact on the basis of the impact ratio involves numerous statistical and measurement issues. Use of the impact ratio to establish the prosecutorial posture of an enforcement agency is clearly flawed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Study on Surface Engineering of Normalized Steels Subjected To Machine

Engineering the surfaces of components to improve the life and performance of parts used in automotive and aerospace engineering is the active area of research. Suitable Thermal/Mechanical/Thermo mechanical surface engineering treatments will produce extensive rearrangement of atoms in metals and alloys and corresponding marked variations in Physical, Chemical and Mechanical properties. Among the more important of these treatments are heat treatment processes such as hardening by Quenching, Induction hardening and Case Carburizing which rely on phase transformations to produce desired changes in mechanical properties. Other processes where phase transformation occur are casting, welding and machining etc. [1] Phase transformation may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous involves rearrangements in the structure of the material taking place simultaneously in all parts of the solid, while the heterogeneous transformation involves structural changes which are more localized. Alternatively they could be called as Isothermal and Nonisothermal transformation. But irrespective of the classification, these transformations alter the structure of the material giving rise to changes in the mechanical and physical properties of the processed material. It is of interest to review some consequences of surface modification in isothermal (Normalizing) and nonisothermal transformations (Machining) of low carbon steels.     

解析参数对活性焦再生过程及再生效果的影响

 活性焦的热解析参数对再生活性焦的脱硫脱硝性能和机械强度至关重要。为了明确解析参数对活性焦再生过程和再生效果的影响规律,通过热解析试验探究活性焦硫残余比例、CO₂和CO生成量及再生活性焦脱硫脱硝性能随解析温度和解析时间的变化规律,继而明确适宜的活性焦热解析参数。结果表明,活性焦升温解析过程中,脱硫产物在317 ℃左右迅速分解,随后分解速率下降;在进入恒温解析阶段后脱硫产物分解速率先快速下降,而后进入缓慢解析状态。硫残余比例随恒温解析温度的升高而下降,在530 ℃下解析3 h可使脱硫产物完全解析;解析温度高于430 ℃后,活性焦表面的酚基、醌基、内酯基等含氧官能团分解量明显增加,并随恒温解析温度的升高而持续增加,分解所生成的CO和CO₂也随之大幅增加,这将使活性焦的孔隙结构进一步发展,继而不利于活性焦机械强度的保持;解析温度低于530 ℃时,硫残余比例随解析温度的升高而持续降低,使再生活性焦的脱硫脱硝性能持续提高;解析温度高于530 ℃后,含氧官能团分解量随解析温度的升高而持续增加,这将有利于提高活性焦表面SO₂氧化反应速率,继而使再生活性焦的脱硫性能持续升高,但酚基、内酯基等酸性含氧官能团的分解使再生活性焦对NH₃的吸附性能降低,进而使其脱硝性能降低。在兼顾再生活性焦脱硫脱硝性能、机械强度和生产效率等多方面因素时,430 ℃恒温解析3 h是相对较优的解析参数。在此解析条件下,再生活性焦的硫残余比例仅为1.8%,含氧官能团尚未发生大量分解,脱硫脱硝性能相对较为优良。     

高铝高炉渣系的熔化特性

 为了掌握高Al₂O₃条件下(w(Al₂O₃)为15%以上)高炉渣系的熔化特性,利用差式扫描量热仪分析了不同w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)、碱度(R)以及w(Al₂O₃)对高铝高炉渣的熔化温度及熔化热的影响。试验结果表明,炉渣熔化开始温度为1 248～1 291 ℃、熔化结束温度为1 432～1 485 ℃、熔化热为137～211 J/g;当w(Al₂O₃)=15%、高w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)时,发生了共晶逆反应,导致高炉炉渣熔化开始温度逐渐降低,但由于高炉炉渣的液相线温度基本未变,所以炉渣熔化结束温度基本未发生改变;w(Al₂O₃)为20%时,随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)的增加,炉渣中易生成熔点较高的镁铝尖晶石,导致高炉炉渣熔化开始温度逐渐增大,与此同时,炉渣液相线温度逐渐降低,导致炉渣熔化结束温度逐渐降低;随着碱度R的增加,高炉炉渣中生成了具有高熔点的化合物、炉渣的液相线温度升高,使得高炉炉渣的熔化开始温度逐渐增加、炉渣熔化结束温度逐渐升高;随着w(Al₂O₃)的增加,发生了共晶逆反应,故炉渣的熔化开始温度逐渐降低,而随着w(Al₂O₃)的增加,炉渣中键能较大的Al—O键增多,需要在更高温度下才能实现炉渣的最终熔化,即熔化结束温度逐渐增加;随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)、R以及w(Al₂O₃)的增加,炉渣熔化热逐渐增多。分析认为,随着R的增加,炉渣中有高熔点化合物的生成,熔化热增加;随着炉渣中w(Al₂O₃)的增加,炉渣中Al—O键增多,解聚破坏熔渣结构消耗的热量增多;而随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)增加,高熔点化合物的生成或熔化开始温度降低,造成熔化热增加。     

基于数据转换服务实现卷烟吸阻达标率的计算

针对吸阻达标率计算过程复杂,操作步骤繁多的问题,提出运用SQL Server工具DTS(Data Transformation Service数据转换服务)计算卷烟吸阻达标率,其实现过程包括数据库连接、数据表建立、视图创建、DTS包设计、代码编写、JOB作业建立和Excel透视表建立等步骤。结果证明吸阻达标率计算程序的开发不仅为达标率的实际应用提供技术支撑,还有助于企业更好地控制产品质量,提高生产工艺水平。     

基于似人特性的机器人拟人臂自主抓取动作规划

针对拟型服务机器人在家庭环境中的自主抓取任务,提出了一种强调运动姿态似人特性的机器人手臂动作的运动规划方法.该方法基于人体工程学中的快速上肢评估准则评价机器人运动姿态的似人特性,并在此基础上以机器人传速速率最优为目标规划机器人持物动作的姿态构型.最后以Motoman SDA10D拟人双臂机器人为例,具体介绍了该方法的应用和规划的结果,规划结果证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.