丝胶改性聚酯和聚酰胺纤维吸放湿性的研究

本文表明用丝胶改性聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维以提高改性纤维的吸放湿性是有效的。理论分析与实验结果统一。     

Polyamide hydrolysis accelerated by small weak organic acids

It is well known that acidity, pH, of a solution accelerates the hydrolysis of soluble amides. Here we describe the unexpected result that weak small organic acids at low concentrations hydrolyze a polyamide at rates approximately twice that of a water HCl solution of the same pH. The effect of three small organic acids in dilute solutions, acetic, propanoic, and butanoic was studied. It is observed that the effect on the hydrolysis rate increases as the organic acid gets weaker. Butanoic, the weakest acid, has the strongest effect on increasing the hydrolysis rate. Measurements on the concentration of these acids in the polyamide reveal that there is a selective desire for these weak organic acids to diffuse into the polyamide. The concentration of these acids in the polyamide is found to be several multiples of the concentration in the water environment. And the acid concentration is highest for butanoic. The hydrolysis rate is shown to be governed by solubility, not pH of the water environment. The longer hydrocarbon tail on the carboxylic group increases its compatibility with the polyamide's monomer structure. Results are reported on the hydrolysis of polyamide-11 polymerized from aminoundecanoic acid, both neat and a commercial plasticized composition, placed in water at 100 °C and 120 °C under anaerobic conditions in high pressure glass tubes.     

纳米磷灰石晶体/聚酰胺复合骨组织工程支架材料的研究

采用常压共溶、共沉淀和水热处理的方法制备了纳米磷灰石晶体／聚酰胺复合骨组织工程支架材料。纳米磷灰石在复合材料中含量高达60wt％(重量比),纳米磷灰石和聚酰胺之间有化学键结合,材料的力学性能接近自然骨水平。复合材料可加工成块状多孔体,材料的孔隙率为55％-70％,平均孔径为300μm,多孔支架不仅有大孔,而且大孔壁上含有丰富微孔,是一种非常有发展前景的组织工程材料。     

Structure characterization of heat set and drawn polyamide 66 fibers by FTIR spectroscopy

Structural changes that occur during thermally induced and strain induced crystallization of polyamide 66 fibers were studied by infrared spectroscopy, density measurement and optical microscopy. Two bands at 924 and 1136 cm^–1 were shown to arise from the amorphous phase and assignment of the bands at 936 and 1200 cm^–1 to the crystalline phase were confirmed. We demonstrated that two different infrared spectroscopic methods could be used to determine the total crystallinity of polyamide 66 fibers. One is a calibration method in which the band ratio of 1200 and 1630 cm^–1 is plotted against the crystallinity measured by density measurements. The other one is an independent infrared method. Crystallinity obtained by the independent infrared spectroscopic method showed good agreement with crystallinity observed by density measurement. Infrared dichroism was used to obtain the crystalline orientation using the band at 936 cm^–1. The transition moment angle of 48° was found for the band at 936 cm^–1 with respect to chain axis. Amorphous orientation was obtained using Stein’s equation. Received: 18 September 2000 / Reviewed and accepted: 20 September 2000     

Photo-induced alignment behavior of azobenzene compound in thin film

Photo-induced molecular alignment behavior of spin-coated poly(4,4′-azobenzene pyromellitamic acid) (PAA(azo)) film was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement, atomic force microscope and transmission electron microscope observation. As-spun PAA(azo) flm was found to be smooth and uniform with an amorphous structure. Upon irradiation of linearly polarized ultraviolet light, the molecular ordering and crystallization were induced, and the film surface was roughened slightly. The PAA(azo) film converted to poly(4,4′-azobenzene pyromellitimide) (PI(azo)) film with higher ordering and crystallinity by subsequent thermal treatment. The PI(azo) film was useful as an active layer to introduce the molecular alignment of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc).     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66复合材料在模拟体液(SBF)中的表面生物活性研究

通过纳米羟基磷灰石／聚酰胺66(n—HA／PA66)复合材料体外模拟体液(SBF)浸泡实验,以聚酰胺66(PA66)为对照,用IR、XRD、SEM和ICP等手段对材料的表面组成和形貌变化进行了分析,比较了PA66和n-HA／PA66复合材料的表面生物活性。结果表明,n-HA／PA66复合材料在SBF中其表面形成的HA沉积物为部分碳酸基团取代的磷灰石,而PA66在浸泡过程中Ca、P不在聚合物表面沉积;n-HA／PA66复合材料具有良好的生物活性,作为骨组织修复或替代材料具有较高的研究和应用价值。     

Water and toluene barrier properties of a polyamide 12 modified by a surface treatment using cold plasma

CF₄ and CO₂ plasma treatments have been used to modify the barrier properties of a polyamide 12 (PA12) towards permeant molecules, which present opposing characteristics: water and toluene. The surface modifications were observed by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface Gibbs function measurements. Both treatments lead to different surfaces; one is rather hydrophobic (with CF₄) whereas the other is more hydrophilic (with CO₂. The effect of this modification on permeametric properties has been investigated by liquid water and liquid toluene permeation measurements. Our results show opposite effects of the two treatments. CF₄ plasma treatment leads to a reduction of water and toluene permeability. With CO₂ plasma treatment, in terms of permeation, two different behaviours were observed, an increase and a decrease of permeancy for water and toluene respectively. These results are in full agreement with those obtained for the surface characterization, and confirms change in the polymeric surface affinity for the permeant leading to a variation of the materials permeancy.     

Fracture resistance of mineral reinforced polyamide 6

Tensile tests have been carried out over a wide range of test speeds on compact tension specimens of polyamide 6 containing spherical silica particles, whose size and content had been adjusted to give optimum impact performance in conventional impact tests after conditioning at 50% relative humidity. The tensile test results confirmed there to be a significant improvement in the high speed crack initiation resistance at room temperature and at high moisture contents on addition of the silica particles. However, at low moisture contents and/or temperatures well below the glass transition temperature, the crack initiation resistance was reduced. It is hence inferred that for the chosen silica particle distribution, toughening requires a certain minimum level of matrix ductility in order to be effective.