大型喷浆机器人机械结构研究

介绍了大型喷浆机器人的机械结构和功能。并阐述了大型喷浆机器人的使用情况 ,实践证明 ,该机械人机构结构设计合理、简单 ,操作方便 ,易于维修 ,可靠性高     

Teleoperation via computer network

In a teleoperation system, providing force information to a human operator can improve task performance. When a communication block between a master and a slave has a transmission delay, the system is easily destabilized. Anderson and Spong guaranteed passivity in the communication block by using scattering transformation and overcame this instability caused by the time delay. But this method can be applied to the communication block with a constant time delay. In a traditional teleoperation system, its communication block has a constant time delay. But time delay irregularly changes in a computer network because many users share telecommunication lines. This paper shows that the variable time delay destabilizes bilateral master-slave manipulator with scattering transformation and a new compensation method which keeps the time delay constant. This new compensation method has been implemented in a single-axis master-slave manipulator.     

钻井机器人的连续油管钻压和钻速控制模型

连续油管钻井机器人利用机身内外的钻井液压力差作为动力源，可在牵引连续油管的同时加载钻压。以钻井机器人为基础，建立连续油管钻柱动力学模型，并推导出通过钻井液排量控制钻压和钻速的单参数控制数学模型；对钻井机器人引入调速回路，建立具有调速功能的钻柱动力学模型；在溢流阀调定压力大于机身内外压差时，推导出利用钻井液排量和节流阀流通面积两种参数控制钻压、钻速的数学模型，在溢流阀调定压力小于机身内外压差时，推导出利用钻井液排量、节流阀流通面积和溢流阀调定压力3种参数控制钻压、钻速的数学模型；以11.43 cm（4.5英寸）井眼为例，对上述3种数学模型进行了分析。分析结果表明：钻压、钻速随钻井液排量的增加基本呈线性增加，在钻井液排量大于0.005 m³/s时，钻井机器人能够向前爬行，在钻井液排量大于0.005 7 m³/s时，钻头能够正常钻进；调节节流阀流通面积和溢流阀调定压力，可以在一定范围内无级调钻压和钻速；3种控制方法相结合，可以实现小排量、大钻压，及大排量、小钻压等钻井参数的控制。以控制模型为基础，针对不同井下工况建立钻进工艺的专家数据库，以钻井机器人为"大脑"，结合井下随钻测量数据就能够实现闭环控制，自动钻进。     

Static Stiffness Analysis of a New Type 6-DOF Micro-manipulation Robot

A 6-DOF micro-manipulation robot based on a 3-PPTTRS mechanism is proposed in this paper. Its static stiffness is an important index to evaluate load capacity and positioning accuracy. However, it is insufficient to consider the static stiffness only when the robot is in its initial pose. The stiffness in different positions and poses in its work space must be analyzed also. Thus a method to analyze the relationship between static stiffness and poses in the whole work space is presented. A static stiffness model is proposed first, and the relationship between structural parameters and static stiffness in different poses is discussed. The static stiffness analysis provides foundation for structural parameter design.     

基于自适应模糊滑模控制的机器人轨迹跟踪算法

针对控制参数的不确定性以及存在未知外部扰动情况下移动机器人的轨迹跟踪问题,提出一种基于光滑非线性饱和函数的自适应模糊滑模轨迹跟踪控制算法。通过建立不确定非线性移动机器人运动控制模型,利用自适应模糊逻辑系统构建自适应模糊滑模控制器。为了增强轨迹跟踪控制算法对随机不确定外部扰动适应能力的同时削弱滑模控制算法中的输入抖振现象,利用有界输入有界输出(BIBO)稳定的方法,通过带有自适应调节算法的模糊系统对滑模控制律中非线性函数项进行自适应逼近,并设计了模糊系统中可调参数的自适应控制律,保证了控制系统的稳定与收敛。实验结果表明,所设计的控制器对系统参数不确定性和外界扰动均具有较强的轨迹跟踪性能和鲁棒性。与传统的滑模控制算法相比,该算法不仅能有效减小输入抖振而且轨迹跟踪控制精度提高了18.89%。     

水中机器人2D 仿真的策略优化

针对现行水中机器人2D仿真1vs1比赛中的顶球算法以及策略的不足,提出一种教学建模和区域划分的方法。介绍一种新的基于区域的自适应顶球策略,即在顶球的过程中,将比赛场地分成若干区域,并在算法中采用有限自动机,不同的策略可自适应地应用于不同的区域中。实验结果证实：优化后的顶球算法配合区域划分策略能够实现更快速有效地进球,同时也提出了现有平台的优化建议。     

室外移动机器人自主充电系统研究

为了满足机器人长期自主工作的电源要求,对室外环境下工作的移动机器人自主充电问题进行了研究。设计了具有2个自由度对接功能的充电装置,提出了一种简单有效的对接策略,此外具有错位对接纠错功能。通过自主充电实验验证了充电装置的实用性和对接策略的可行性。     

人机共存环境下巡检机器人自主移动与避障方法

为提高人机混杂环境中移动机器人自主巡检效率,提出一种基于模糊逻辑理论的避障方法。通过分析人 类的社会行为规则,结合机器人的运动特性,建立移动机器人系统的数学模型,将人机距离、人的行为模式和人与 机器人间的相对速度参数进行模糊化处理,得出基于模糊推理方法的机器人速度变化决策,利用模糊控制规则,实 现模糊逻辑控制,并通过穿越和相遇2 种运动行为进行了实验验证。仿真结果验证了该方法具有抗干扰性和良好的 避障性能。     

基于改进灰狼优化算法的移动机器人路径规划

针对移动机器人避障路径规划问题,在基本群智能算法灰狼优化算法的基础上,提出改进灰狼优化算法,测试函数证明了算法的稳定性和收敛性,进而将其首次应用于移动机器人避障路径规划问题,通过对改进灰狼优化算法的移动机器人避障路径进行研究,并与基本灰狼优化算法、粒子群算法、遗传算法比较,仿真结果证明了算法的稳定性和收敛性,对路径规划领域有十分重要的研究意义。     

Piecewise constant strain kinematic model of externally loaded concentric tube robots

This paper presents a piecewise constant strain kinematic model for concentric tube robots (CTR) in externally loaded conditions. It discretizes the pre-curved tubes comprising the robot into a finite number of pieces and involves external effects as a set of wrench vectors exerted along the robot backbone. Constant strain lets us describe the pieces with helices in which shear deformation and elongation are neglected. The resulting piecewise helix is the simplest curve that can catch the torsion of tubes that play a crucial role in kinematic behavior. This approximation transforms the conventional boundary value problem (BVP) of CTRs models into a set of nonlinear equations that drastically decreases the model resolution time. The present method uses a Lyapunov function and torsional Jacobian to ensure the distal torsion constraint consistently and, as a result, the solution’s convergence. The paper’s primary purpose is to present a fast, numerically stable, and relatively accurate kinematic model not reliant on measurement data. Experimental results on a two-tube prototype and provided for different tip loading conditions reveal maintaining a balance between adequate accuracy and reasonable running time, about 7 ms for five pieces per section, for real-time applications in the presence of external load.