Comparison of inward and outward grown Pt modified aluminide diffusion coatings on a Ni based single crystal superalloy

Two commercial Pt modified aluminide coatings (RT22 and MDC150L) on the same single crystal Ni-based superalloy (CMSX-4) were studied by: scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry; and gravimetry. The RT22 coating is an inward grown coating (high activity), while MDC150L is produced by outward growth (low activity). Samples were oxidised in still laboratory air at 1050 °C for various times up to 2000 h. It was found that the outward grown coating produced a slower growing oxide that was more spallation resistant. Several possible reasons for this were identified including: coating purity; coating surface topography; and ductile to brittle transition temperature. The microstructural differences between the two coatings in the as-coated condition were investigated and the development of their microstructure during heat treatment was described. A model for coating growth during heat treatment was proposed.     

基于22MnB5钢的铌钒微合金化热成形钢的研发

基于现有热成形零件冷弯性能不足、氢脆敏感性强等共性技术问题,在22MnB5钢的基础上采用Nb、V微合金化的设计思路,对试验钢的显微组织、淬透性和极限尖冷弯性能进行研究.结果表明:微合金化前后22MnB5热成形钢的显微组织均为全马氏体,但是微合金化后的试验钢组织更为细小;Nb-V微合金化能有效提高22MnB5热成形钢的淬...     

重型汽车后桥主动锥齿轮的失效分析

采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、火花放电原子发射光谱仪、定氢仪以及布氏硬度计对重型汽车后桥主动齿轮失效原因进行了分析.结果表明:失效齿轮的各项性能指标均满足标准要求,氢含量较低,失效原因主要是由于预紧力过大致使在齿轮轴尾部螺纹空刀槽与花键连接处应力集中导致的延迟断裂失效.     

Bootstrap Unit‐Root Tests: Comparison and Extensions

Abstract. In this article, we study and compare the properties of several bootstrap unit‐root tests recently proposed in the literature. The tests are Dickey–Fuller (DF) or Augmented DF, based either on residuals from an autoregression and the use of the block bootstrap or on first‐differenced data and the use of the stationary bootstrap or sieve bootstrap. We extend the analysis by interchanging the data transformations (differences vs. residuals), the types of bootstrap and the presence or absence of a correction for autocorrelation in the tests. We show that two sieve bootstrap tests based on residuals remain asymptotically valid. In contrast to the literature which focuses on a comparison of the bootstrap tests with an asymptotic test, we compare the bootstrap tests among themselves using response surfaces for their size and power in a simulation study. This study leads to the following conclusions: (i) augmented DF tests are always preferred to standard DF tests; (ii) the sieve bootstrap performs better than the block bootstrap; (iii) difference‐based tests appear to have slightly better size properties, but residual‐based tests appear more powerful.     

Ti-22Al-25Nb合金大规格棒材组织与力学性能研究

本文研究了通过逐步降温锻造工艺制备的Ti₂AlNb基合金大规格(Ф300 mm)棒材的组织均匀性,分析了热处理前后棒材不同部位显微组织的变化,并进行了力学性能测试。结果表明：采用逐步降温锻造工艺制备的Ф300 mm棒材靠近外表面区域变形比较充分,显微组织均匀性较好,而靠近心部区域的显微组织均匀性较差,小区域存在未完全破碎的晶界,这种差别会遗传到后续热处理态的显微组织中。通过对比棒材不同部位经热处理后的力学性能,发现不同部位性能差异不大,而心部区域的强度低于表面区域,而塑性则呈现相反的变化趋势,这可能与不同区域由于变形程度不均匀导致了α相尺寸及含量的差异所造成。     

Ni-Al涂层对Ti-22Al-26Nb合金抗氧化性能的影响

采用爆炸喷涂技术在Ti-22Al-26Nb(原子分数,％)基体上制备了Ni-68．5Al(原子分数,％)合金涂层,涂层在退火后与基体结合良好．XRD分析表明,退火后涂层主要由β-NiAl以及少量Al3Ti和Al3Nb组成．研究了Ni—Al涂层对Ti-22Al-26Nb合金在800℃静态空气中氧化性能的影响．Ti-22Al-26Nb合金氧化后主要生成了疏松多孔的TiO2,其抗高温氧化性能很差．施加Ni—Al涂层后,高温下生成了一层致密的Al2O3,氧化动力学曲线满足抛物线规律,抗氧化性能显著提高．     

3R-2,2-二氟-3-羟基-3-(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环基)戊酸乙酯的合成与表征

以2,3-O-异丙亚基-D-甘油醛为原料合成抗肿瘤药物中间体3R-2,2-二氟-3-羟基-3-(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环基)戊酸乙酯,在锌粉的催化下加入了三甲基氯硅烷使需要得到的R结构产物的比例提高,反应温度为45℃,反应时间3h,收率为72.1%以上。用IR与1HNMR对其结构进行了表征。     

R-2-氨基-3-甲基-1,1-二苯基-1-丁醇的合成

R-2-氨基-3-甲基-1,1-二苯基-1-丁醇是一种合成手性催化剂的重要中间体。从原料R-缬氨酸经甲酯化,苄氧羰基保护制得R-2-苄羰基氨基-3-甲基-丁酸甲酯,然后与苯基溴化镁反应制得（R）-2-苄氧羰基氨基-3-甲基-1,1-二苯基-1-丁醇。接着在5%Pd/C催化加氢下脱除苄氧羰基得到目标化合物,总收率58%。此制备方法涉及的中间体及目标化合物易于纯化,总收率高且重现性好。     

Novel KCND3 Variant Underlying Nonprogressive Congenital Ataxia or SCA19/22 Disrupt KV4.3 Protein Expression and K+ Currents with Variable Effects on Channel Properties

KCND3 encodes the voltage-gated potassium channel K_V4.3 that is highly expressed in the cerebellum, where it regulates dendritic excitability and calcium influx. Loss-of-function K_V4.3 mutations have been associated with dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA19/22). By targeted NGS sequencing, we identified two novel KCND3 missense variants of the K_V4.3 channel: p.S347W identified in a patient with adult-onset pure cerebellar syndrome and p.W359G detected in a child with congenital nonprogressive ataxia. Neuroimaging showed mild cerebellar atrophy in both patients. We performed a two-electrode voltage-clamp recording of K_V4.3 currents in Xenopus oocytes: both the p.G345V (previously reported in a SCA19/22 family) and p.S347W mutants exhibited reduced peak currents by 50%, while no K+ current was detectable for the p.W359G mutant. We assessed the effect of the mutations on channel gating by measuring steady-state voltage-dependent activation and inactivation properties: no significant alterations were detected in p.G345V and p.S347W disease-associated variants, compared to controls. K_V4.3 expression studies in HEK293T cells showed 53% (p.G345V), 45% (p.S347W) and 75% (p.W359G) reductions in mutant protein levels compared with the wildtype. The present study broadens the spectrum of the known phenotypes and identifies additional variants for KCND3-related disorders, outlining the importance of SCA gene screening in early-onset and congenital ataxia.     

Effects of the Anti-Tumorigenic Agent AT101 on Human Glioblastoma Cells in the Microenvironmental Glioma Stem Cell Niche

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a barely treatable disease due to its profound chemoresistance. A distinct inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity reflected by specialized microenvironmental niches and different tumor cell subpopulations allows GBMs to evade therapy regimens. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment strategies. A promising candidate for the treatment of GBMs is AT101, the R(-) enantiomer of gossypol. The present study evaluates the effects of AT101, alone or in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), in a microenvironmental glioma stem cell niche model of two GBM cell lines (U251MG and U87MG). AT101 was found to induce strong cytotoxic effects on U251MG and U87MG stem-like cells in comparison to the respective native cells. Moreover, a higher sensitivity against treatment with AT101 was observed upon incubation of native cells with a stem-like cell-conditioned medium. This higher sensitivity was reflected by a specific inhibitory influence on the p-p42/44 signaling pathway. Further, the expression of CXCR7 and the interleukin-6 receptor was significantly regulated upon these stimulatory conditions. Since tumor stem-like cells are known to mediate the development of tumor recurrences and were observed to strongly respond to the AT101 treatment, this might represent a promising approach to prevent the development of GBM recurrences.