等温锻造Ti-22Al-25Nb合金的显微组织与力学性能

对Ti-22Al-25Nb(at%)合金在不同相区等温锻造与锻后热处理过程中的组织演变及其对力学性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在980℃(B2+α_2+O三相区)、1040℃(α_2+B2两相区)以及1060℃(B2相区)等温锻造并热处理之后,合金的显微组织表现为典型的等轴组织、双态及双尺寸的板条组织,各相的尺寸以及体积分数可以通过热处理制度来控制。合金的力学性能测试表明:双尺寸的板条组织具有较高的室温强度但塑性最低,而等轴组织具有较高的塑性,强度最低。等轴组织的抗蠕变性能最低,双态组织以及双尺寸的板条组织具有相似的抗蠕变性,后两种组织主要以板条组织为主导,板条组织具有比等轴组织更优异的抗蠕变性能。     

High-temperature glassy-ceramic sealants SiO2—Al2O3—BaO—MgO and SiO2—Al2O3—ZrO2—CaO—Na2O for solid oxide electrochemical devices

Glasses of the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–BaO–MgO and SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂–CaO–Na₂O systems were synthesized in the perspective to apply them as sealants in SOFC at operating temperatures of 700–900 °C. Thermal properties of the chosen glass compositions and their compatibility with the SOFC materials (YSZ-electrolyte and alloy-interconnector Crofer22APU, 15×25T) were investigated by means of synchronic thermal analysis and high-temperature dilatometry. The elemental analysis was performed by atomic emission spectroscopy. The average values of the temperature coefficients of the linear extension are 10.0×10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹ for glass 45%SiO₂– 15%Al₂O₃–25%BaO–15%MgO and 9.5×10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹ for glass 60%SiO₂–10%Al₂O₃–10%ZrO₂–5%CaO–15%Na₂O. The gluing microstructure in YSZ/glass/Crofer22APU was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization process of silicate phases was revealed to occur in the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–BaO–MgO glass. The analysis of the crystallization products was performed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Glassy ceramics was proved to possess better parameters in comparison with amorphous glass to be used as a sealant in electrochemical sensors and oxygen sensors. The SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂–CaO–Na₂O low-temperature amorphous glass can be applied in SOFC.     

Improving the gas recovery and separation efficiency of a hydrate-based gas separation

Efficient gas recovery and separation in a hydrate-based system was investigated for a model gaseous mixture of R22 and nitrogen. The formed hydrate settled in the recovery vessel; excess water was recycled and the hydrate was subsequently decomposed by releasing pressure from the vessel. The gas uptake rate of R22 gas from the vapor phase and the gas recovery rate from the hydrate were determined from hydrate formation and decomposition, respectively. The gas recovery rate of R22 gas gradually increased with time. On the contrary, the nitrogen gas recovery rate was a maximum in the initial stage of hydrate decomposition. A high separation factor (S.F.) was achieved by first separating the N₂-rich gas generated during initial hydrate decomposition. An efficient hydrate-based gas separation and recovery process is proposed.     

MCM-22分子筛催化丁烯齐聚反应研究

采用水热法合成了新型多孔材料MCM-22分子筛,并将其用于丁烯齐聚反应。实验结果表明,MCM-22分子筛具有较好的齐聚活性,原料转化率大于80％,C₈^＝烯烃的选择性大于70%。考察了多种因素对反应活性的影响。     

重型汽车后桥主动锥齿轮的失效分析

采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、火花放电原子发射光谱仪、定氢仪以及布氏硬度计对重型汽车后桥主动齿轮失效原因进行了分析.结果表明:失效齿轮的各项性能指标均满足标准要求,氢含量较低,失效原因主要是由于预紧力过大致使在齿轮轴尾部螺纹空刀槽与花键连接处应力集中导致的延迟断裂失效.     

The Role of IL-22 in Wound Healing. Potential Implications in Clinical Practice

Wound healing is a complex process that is mediated and influenced by several cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine that plays a critical role in tissue regeneration. Our study is a systematic review that addressed the implications of IL-22 in the healing of wounds caused by external factors. Thirteen studies were included in our review, most of them being experimental studies. Three clinical studies underlined the potential role of IL-22 in day-to-day clinical practice. IL-22 plays a central role in wound healing, stimulating the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the cells involved in tissue repair. However, overexpression of IL-22 can cause negative effects, such as keloid scars or peritoneal adhesions. The results of the presented studies are promising, but further research that validates the roles of IL-22 in clinical practice and analyzes its potential implication in surgical healing is welcomed.     

The DNA Sequence of the Escherichia coli O22 O-Antigen Gene Cluster and Detection of Pathogenic Strains Belonging to E. coli Serogroups O22 and O91 by Multiplex PCR Assays Targeting Virulence Genes and Genes in the Respective O-Antigen Gene Clusters

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed for detection of pathogenic strains belonging to Escherichia coli serogroups O22 and O91. The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O22 was sequenced to identify genes that could be employed as targets for serogroup-specific PCR assays. The wzx and wzy genes in the O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli O22 and E. coli O91 were selected as target genes. The assays were serogroup-specific when tested against 72 E. coli O22 strains and 57 E. coli O91 strains isolated from food, humans, and animals, representative strains belonging to 168 E. coli O serogroups and non-E. coli bacteria. Furthermore, 72 E. coli O22 strains and 57 E. coli O91 strains isolated from food, water, animals, and humans were tested by the PCR for the presence of six and 19 virulence genes, respectively, associated with pathogenic E. coli strains. Based on the PCR screening results, multiplex PCR assays targeting the O22 wzy gene and the cnf-1 and sfa genes in E. coli O22 and the O91 wzy gene, conserved sequences of stx ₁ and stx ₂ genes, and the astA and cdt-III genes in E. coli O91 were developed to detect and identify pathogenic strains belonging to serogroups O22 and O91. Furthermore, E. coli O22 and O91 were detected by multiplex PCR assays targeting the wzx or wzy genes and conserved sequences of the stx ₁ and stx ₂ genes in ground beef samples inoculated with approximately two colony-forming units (CFU)/25 g after 18-h enrichment. The results demonstrate that the E. coli O22 and O91 wzx and wzy gene sequences were specific for the respective serogroups and can be used as diagnostic markers for rapid identification of these serogroups as an alternative to serotyping. The multiplex PCR assays targeting the O22 and O91 wzx and wzy genes and virulence genes can be used to identify and to detect pathogenic strains of these serogroups in food and fecal samples. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.     

Heterotrophic growth and nutritional aspects of the diatom Cyclotella cryptica (Bacillariophyceae): Effect of some environmental factors

To investigate the nutritional value of the diatom Cyclotella cryptica (Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard) as an alternative feed for use in the aquaculture industry, the heterotrophic growth characteristics and resultant fatty acid profile of the microalga were studied when cultivated under a variety of controlled salinity and temperature conditions. In addition, the effects of pH on the growth characteristics were also studied. The maximum specific growth rate was affected by initial pH and cultivation temperature, but not by salinity. The optimal pH and temperature ranges for growth were 7.2 to 8.1 and 22.5 to 25.0 °C, respectively. Lipid accumulation and the fatty acid composition were also affected by cultivation temperature and salinity. The optimal temperature range and salinity level for lipid accumulation were 18.0 to 25.0 °C and 11.2 psu, respectively. In all cases the fatty acid distribution was similar, with the most abundant fatty acids being palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), stearidonic acid (18:4 n-3, SDA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3, EPA), and decosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA).     

Evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R-290 (propane), R-600 (butane), and a mixture of R-290/R-600 in the three-lines serpentine small-tube bank

This paper reports an experimental investigation of heat-transfer and pressure-drop behavior of R-290, R-600, and R-290/R-600 in the three-lines serpentine small-diameter (2.46 mm) tube bank. Heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop characteristics are measured for a range of heat flux (5–21 kW/m²), mass flux (250–500 kg/m² s), equilibrium mass quality (0–0.86), and the fixed mixture composition ((R-290/R-600 (55 wt.%/45 wt.%)). The results show that the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients for R-290, R-600, and R-290/R-600 are 1.66–1.96-fold, 1.28–1.38-fold and 1.57–1.88-fold greater as compared with those for R-134a under equal heat and mass fluxes. Also, the two-phase flow frictional pressure drop for R-600, R-290/R-600 and R-290 are 1.41–1.60-fold, 1.32–1.50-fold and 1.22–1.40-fold smaller as compared with that for R-134a. A new heat transfer correlation was presented by using a superposition model to predict the experimental data for both pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures. Experimental results were compared with several correlations which predict the evaporative heat transfer, which are in good agreement with experimental data.