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61.
针对未知环境中障碍物种类多样性和位置不确定性的特点,提出了基于约束点的路径规划方法。首先对机器人在未知环境中检测到的局部障碍物信息进行分类和几何特征属性描述,得其约束点信息,然后引入改进后的A*算法,将其搜索范围局限于约束点上,计算约束点的评价函数值后得到子目标点,机器人到达子目标点后,若陷入死区,则采取回溯路径策略,重新选择子目标点,否则根据该点所属的障碍物种类采取跨越或绕行避障策略,最后移动机器人在未知环境中顺利到达目标点。仿真研究说明本文提出的路径规划方法具有可行性和有效性。 相似文献
62.
Dynamic light scattering is a suitable method for the investigation of transport properties such as the thermal diffusivity of optically transparent fluids. The main advantages of the method are its quickness, the fact of the thermodynamic state of equilibrium of the sample (gradients are not required), and the relatively simple evaluation of data without the necessity of calibration. However, an insufficient production of intensity of scattered light may be a limiting effect. For that reason the vicinity of the gas-liquid critical point represents the classical range of application. In this paper, it is shown that by means of an appropriate choice of experimental apparatus, measurements are also feasible in an extended range of states. Broad regions around critical points of three pure fluids (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6; ethane, C2H6; nitrous oxide, N2O) over temperature ranges ¦T-T
c¦ of 0.02 to 50 K and density ranges (/c) of 0.2 to 2 were investigated. In this region the thermal diffusivity shows great variations with temperature and density and cannot be described by means of ideal-gas behavior or relations for liquids. The measurements were carried out along the coexistence curve for both phases, along the critical isochore and along some isotherms with TT
c. The measured or calculated density, pressure, and thermal diffusivity data as well as some correlations are presented. 相似文献
63.
高沸点溶剂法合成原乙酸三甲酯 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对低沸点溶剂法制备原乙酸三甲酯工艺进行了改进,比较了煤油、2-乙基己醇、氯苯、异佛尔酮、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙二醇二丁醚等高沸点溶剂对反应的影响,筛选出最优高沸点溶剂煤油:研究了新反应体系的醇解pH值、溶剂的循环使用次数对反应的影响及溶剂循环损耗率,结果表明,醇解的最佳pH值为5.6;随着溶剂循环次数增加,原乙酸三甲酯收率从83.6%(1次)逐渐下降到76.7%(16次);溶剂次平均损耗率4.6%。实现了直接蒸馏产品,溶剂循环使用的新工艺。避免了旧工艺先蒸溶剂,后蒸产品,产品大量分解,收率低等缺点。 相似文献
64.
65.
In this paper, we present an improved general methodology including four stages to design robust and reliable products under uncertainties. First, as the formulation stage, we consider reliability and robustness simultaneously to propose the new formulation of reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) problems. In order to generate reliable and robust Pareto-optimal solutions, the combination of genetic algorithm with reliability assessment loop based on the performance measure approach is applied as the second stage. Next, we develop two criteria to select a solution from obtained Pareto-optimal set to achieve the best possible implementation. Finally, the result verification is performed with Monte Carlo Simulations and also the quality improvement during manufacturing process is considered by identifying and controlling the critical variables. The effectiveness and applicability of this new proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study. 相似文献
66.
Chengjun Yao Yixun Liu Jianhua Yao Dongxiao Zhuang Jinsong Wu Zhiyong Qin Ying Mao Liangfu Zhou 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2014
Background
Preoperatively acquired diffusion tensor image (DTI) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) have been proved to be effective in providing more anatomical and functional information; however, the brain deformation induced by brain shift and tumor resection severely impairs the correspondence between the image space and the patient space in image-guided neurosurgery.Method
To address the brain deformation, we developed a hybrid non-rigid registration method to register high-field preoperative MRI with low-field intra-operative MRI in order to recover the deformation induced by brain shift and tumor resection. The registered DTI and BOLD are fused with low-field intra-operative MRI for image-guided neurosurgery.Results
The proposed hybrid registration method was evaluated by comparing the landmarks predicted by the hybrid registration method with the landmarks identified in the low-field intra-operative MRI for 10 patients. The prediction error of the hybrid method is 1.92 ± 0.54 mm, and the compensation accuracy is 74.3 ± 5.0%. Compared to the landmarks far from the resection region, those near the resection region demonstrated a higher compensation accuracy (P-value = .003) although these landmarks had larger initial displacements.Conclusions
The proposed hybrid registration method is able to bring preoperatively acquired BOLD and DTI into the operating room and compensate for the deformation to augment low-field intra-operative MRI with rich anatomical and functional information. 相似文献67.
68.
69.
D. M. Weaver 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1993,36(2):165-170
Nutrient loss from rural point sources and urban environments need to be minimised as part of strategies to overcome declining water quality on the Swan Coastal Plain and in the Peel-Harvey estuary in Western Australia. This paper discusses the management of nutrient losses from domestic effluent, urban stormwater runoff, domestic gardens and public open space, intensive animal industries and intensive irrigated agriculture. Measures to minimise nutrient losses from these sources are outlined, using cooperative, technological and regulatory approaches. 相似文献
70.
Abstract. Consider an AR(1) process given by X t =γ+ø X t + Z t ≥ 1. where 0 ≤γ, 0 ≤ø 1 are unknown parameters and the innovations Z t , ≥ 1, are independently and identically distributed positive random variables. We propose estimates of (γø) which are obtained as the solution to a linear programming problem and establish their strong consistency. When the Z t s have the exponential distribution. our estimate becomes the conditional maximum likelihood estimate given X 0 . Under the assumption of regular variation of the innovation distribution at its left and right endpoints (assumed to be 0 and ∝ respectively), we establish asymptotic limit laws for the estimates. Consistent estimators for a class of moving-average processes with heavy-tailed innovation distribution are also presented. 相似文献