微波诱导稀土复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-Nd2O3催化合成乙酸苄酯

以新型稀土复合固体超强酸为催化剂，在微波辐射下苯甲醇和乙酸反应合成了乙酸苄酯，探索反应各因素对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明：SO4^2-／ZrO2-Nd2O3具有较高的催化活性。最佳反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比2．0（乙酸用量为0．2mol前提下），催化剂用量为1．8g，带水剂环己烷12mL，微波辐射功率550W，辐射时间25min，酯化率可达96．3％。该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用，具有良好的活性稳定性。     

Hydrodynamics characterization of the Maxblend impeller

The hydrodynamic characteristics of the Maxblend^TM impeller have been investigated in the case of viscous Newtonian fluids. Both laboratory experiments and 3D finite element based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been carried out. The power consumption, the mixing evolution yielding the mixing time, and the effect of baffles in the laminar and transition flow regimes have been determined. It was found that the limit Reynolds number between the laminar and transition regimes is approximately 25 and 38 for the unbaffled and baffled configurations, respectively. Based on the range of Reynolds numbers studied in this work, the best window performance of the Maxblend^TM mixer where fast and homogenous mixing is achieved is the end of the laminar regime and the early transition regime with baffles.     

多羟基甾醇的合成研究——胆甾-3,7,24-三醇的合成

以去氧胆酸为起始原料,与甲醇反应得到去氧胆酸甲酯,然后在超声波环境下用硼氢化钠-聚乙二醇400-四氢呋喃体系还原得到胆甾-3,7,24-三醇.     

2-(苯甲基)-7-氯茚并[1,2-e][1,3,4]噁二嗪-2,4a(3H,5H)-二羧酸4a甲酯的合成

以5-氯-1-茚酮为起始原料,经羰基化、不对称氧化、腙化和缩合反应合成了高效杀虫剂茚虫威的关键中间体2-(苯甲基)-7-氯茚并[1,2-e][1,3,4]噁二嗪-2,4a(3H,5H)-二羧酸4a甲酯。以5-氯-1-茚酮计,产品总收率达61.1%,产品结构经核磁共振分析验证。探讨了原料配比、溶剂的选择、氧化剂等因素对反应收率的影响。     

Spatial agglomeration and productivity in Italy: A panel smooth transition regression approach

The paper analyses the nonlinearities in the impact of localization, diversity, urbanization and competition on firm‐level total factor productivity (TFP), using a large sample of Italian firms from 1999 to 2007. We adopt a panel smooth transition regression model, so that the TFP elasticities are free to vary smoothly across two or more extreme values. Results show that localization economies and Jacobian externalities materialize only for values of, respectively, intra‐industry agglomeration and extra‐sectoral diversity above a certain threshold. Local competition exerts a positive effect on productivity, even though the marginal impact shrinks at high levels of competition. We find instead no evidence of diseconomies of agglomeration.     

Annual limit-state frequencies for partially-inspected earthquake-damaged buildings

A procedure is presented for estimating an “annual limit-state frequency”, that is, the mean annual frequency of exceeding a (e.g. seismic-drift) limit state, for a partially-inspected earthquake-damaged SMRF building with fractured beam-column connections. Typically, inspection of all the moment-resisting connections in a building for fractures is prohibitively expensive. Motivated by this reality, the proposed procedure (developed as part of the SAC Steel Project) accounts for the uncertainty, due to incomplete inspection, in the total number and locations of fractured connections. Since the procedure can also take into account the aftershock ground motion hazard, an annual limit-state frequency estimated for a damaged building can serve as a basis for deciding, for example, whether to permit occupancy soon after the main-shock. Conversely, the estimated annual limit-state frequency can be used to guide inspection decisions, such as whether to inspect more connections and thereby reduce the uncertainty in the state of damage.     

Plug-load densities for energy analysis: K-12 schools

Benchmarking plug-load densities is essential to bypass arbitrary and/or incorrect inputs used in building energy analysis. As more building simulationists play a decision-making role for the design team, they tend to lean on building energy standards and guidelines for preliminary inputs such as plug-load densities. It is necessary for building energy standards and rating systems to implement plug-load density benchmarks to reward design teams in their efforts to reduce plug-load energy use. Using case study buildings, this paper establishes benchmark plug-load densities for K-12 schools under two new categories – classrooms with computers and classrooms without computers. Eighteen K-12 schools including 9 elementary, 2 middle, and 7 high schools are assessed for actual plug-load densities. For the same case study buildings, four existing approaches – NREL, COMNET, ASHRAE 90.1-1989, and Title-24 are evaluated for plug-load densities. Results show under- and over-estimation of plug-load densities over actual densities. The development of benchmark for K-12 schools will pave way for instituting targets for trimming plug-load densities in new and retrofit building projects.     

一种工业无线遥控系统设计

应用MSP430f1232和NRF24L01集成电路设计了一种工业无线遥控系统。介绍了该系统的硬件组成结构和软件实现流程,给出了部分实现程序。经过试验表明,该遥控系统可通过手持端指示灯动态获取接收端工作状态,可以提高工业场合远距离作业时的安全性,适用于单钩、单速电动葫芦或葫芦式桥式起重机。系统结构简单,经过改进也可用于其他设备的控制。     

ZW32A-24/T1250-25户外高压交流真空断路器的研制

目前国内正在进行20kV电网的建设改造工程,针对我国20kV电压等级供电设备短缺的情况,研制出额定电流1 250 A、额定短路开断电流25 kA的24 kV户外高压交流真空断路器。对整体结构和弹簧操动机构进行了介绍,并利用ANSYS软件对绝缘结构进行了仿真设计,并提出改进方案。     

Structural and thermal characterization of La5Ca9Cu24O41 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on (1 1 0) SrTiO3 substrates

In the present study stoichiometric, b-axis oriented La₅Ca₉Cu₂₄O₄₁ thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on (1 1 0) SrTiO₃ substrates in the temperature range 600-750 °C. High resolution transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate the growth mechanism and the epitaxial relationship between the SrTiO₃ substrates and the La₅Ca₉Cu₂₄O₄₁ films grown at 700 °C. The 3-ω method was used to measure the cross-plane thermal conductivity of La₅Ca₉Cu₂₄O₄₁ films in the temperature range 50-350 K. The observed glass-like behavior is attributed to atomic-scale defects, grain boundaries and an interfacial layer formed between film and substrate.