掺杂难熔金属碳化物对炭/炭复合材料烧蚀微观结构的影响

详细分析和比较了3D炭／炭复合材料及其添加难熔金属碳化物的试样在三种烧蚀条件下的烧蚀结果、微观结构及形貌。SEM观察结果显示，纤维与基体间的界面优先烧蚀现象对纯炭／炭试样是普遍存在的，相反，对难熔金属碳化物掺杂的炭／炭试样而言，纤维却总是优先被烧蚀；纤维单丝相对基体优先烧蚀越明显，材料宏观烧蚀率越大。对纯炭／炭试样烧蚀表层区的TEM观察结果表明，在烧蚀过程中炭纤维和基体炭均发生明显的微观结构变化，具体表现为炭纤维的微晶尺寸显著长大，而基体炭原有层片区则出现柱状炭。烧蚀测试条件对材料宏观和微观形貌及烧蚀机理都有影响：     

Influence of Cl-, Br-, NO 3 - and SO 4 2- ions on the corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al alloy

The effects of anions like Cl^-, Br^-, NO ₃ ^- and SO ₄ ^2- on the anodic dissolution of the monolithic Al 6061 alloy have been investigated at neutral pH through immersion testing and electrochemical techniques like potentiodynamic polarization and a.c. impedance spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to characterize the corroded surface and to observe the extent of pitting in different media. From the evaluated corrosion parameters it was found that the dissolution of the matrix was extensively reduced in presence of aqueous solutions containing Br^-, NO ₃ ^- and SO ₄ ^2- ions while Cl^- ions aggravated corrosion by penetrating into the barrier oxide film on the surface of the material. Pronounced effect of pitting was observed in presence of Cl^- and the level of pitting in NO ₃ ^- and Br^- were mild. In presence of SO ₄ ^2- ions passivity was extended over a wide potential range and breakdown of passivity occurs when the material was polarized beyond pitting potential. The departure of capacitive behaviour towards resistive behaviour was clearly observed through impedance measurements when investigations were conducted in Cl^- media and in presence of the other electrolytes. Corrosion rates were, however, controlled during prolonged exposure in the electrolytic media, specially in case of chloride media, due to the predominance of film repair kinetics.     

LPE生长外延片超薄有源层结构的SEM研究

通过对液相外延（LPE）生长的外延片不同处理方法的研究，摸索出一条利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）来观测有源区厚度的有效方法──蒸金法，最优可观察有源区厚度20nm，对设计厚度为18nm结构来说[1]，这是一种便利而有效的观察手段。     

扫描电子显微镜在半导体工艺中的应用技术研究

对半导体工艺的需要，本文提供了利用扫描电子显微镜进行分析的机理及采用的关键技术手段。     

铸造Mg-Al合金疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展原位观测与评价

铸造Mg-Al合金(AM50)由于比强度、比刚度优越,广泛用于汽车和航天航空工业.研究了铸造Mg-Al合金疲劳裂纹(≤200μm)萌生与扩展,结合材料微结构与裂纹扩展路径,在原位观测SEM图片上探讨了铸造AM50合金于不同条件下的疲劳微裂纹萌生和扩展,以及与α-Mg相的分布等几个影响因数,提出了改善现有工艺、提高铸造镁铝合金疲劳强度的方法.     

Correlations between the Optical Properties and the Microstructure of TiO_2 Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Electron-beam Evaporation

1　IntroductionInrecentyears ,theoreticalandexperimentalinvesti gationsonthetitaniumoxidefilmsareconductedonac countoftheirremarkableproperties .Titaniumdioxidefilmshaveattractedconsiderableattentiontoapplytomi croelectronicdevices ,opticalthin filmdevice…     

不同结构的树脂复鞣剂在皮革中形态的电镜研究

借助扫描电镜(SEM)观察了SCC丙烯酸皮革填充树脂、ART丙烯酸树脂复鞣剂、HMP多功能皮革材料以及RTM三聚氰胺树脂复鞣剂等4种高分子材料在皮革中的微观结构，讨论了每种材料赋予皮革的不同性能，为制革工作者在制革时正确选择皮化材料提供参考。     

速溶型聚丙烯酰胺的表征

通过微乳液法合成了高相对分子质量(Mr=1300万)粉状聚丙烯酰胺，采用FT—IR、SEM及DTG研究了聚合物的结构与其溶解性能的关系，并把该产品与国产及进口样品的综合性能数据进行了对照，研究结果表明：合成的聚丙烯酰胺具有纤维状、层状、孔状结构，这种结构是产品速溶的主要原因。     

Influence of the common varistor dopants (CoO, Cr2O3 and Nb2O5) on the structural properties of SnO2 ceramics

The influence of dopants commonly used in SnO₂ varistor ceramics, such as CoO, Cr₂O₃ or Nb₂O₅, on the structural properties of SnO₂ was investigated. Several SnO₂-based ceramics containing only one of the dopants were prepared and characterized. Spectroscopic investigations [visible, near infrared (IR) and IR region] were performed to obtain information about dopants valence states inside the ceramics, as well as about their influence on electronic structure of the material. Structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and mechanisms of dopant incorporation were proposed. Obtained results were confirmed with results of the electrical measurements. Microstructural changes in doped ceramics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis that showed great differences in densities, grain size, and morphology of the SnO₂ ceramics depending on type of dopants and their distribution.     

Anomalous wear behavior of MoS2 films in moderate vacuum and dry nitrogen

440C steel thrust ball bearing races lubricated with 1 m thick sputtered films of MoS₂ were tested in the unidirectional and oscillatory modes against bare steel balls in moderate (10^–4–10^–5 Pa 10^–6–10^–7 Torr) vacuum and in 1 atmosphere of 99.999% pure ( 1 ppm water) N₂ in the same unbaked environmental chamber. Over 90% of the residual gases in the chamber vacuum consisted of H₂O vapor. The bearings operated in N₂ showed substantially longer lives compared to the specimens tested in vacuum. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) tribometry was also performed on an MoS₂ film powder-burnished onto a 440C flat. This flat was repeatedly oscillated against bare, hemispherical-tipped 440C pins on fresh wear tracks in the same type of N₂ and column vacuum of ~10^–3 Pa 10^–5 Torr itself containing over 90% residual H₂O. The SEM-generated results on the burnished film confirmed the same, atmosphere-dependent difference in wear life observed with the sputtered layers. Varying the moisture content of the burnished flat and its immediate environment by cryosorption predictably manipulated the coefficient of friction and wear life of MoS₂. The various possible causes of this perplexing phenomenon are reviewed, and a plausible hypothesis is offered attributing the unexpected wear life reduction to the physico-chemical consequences of residual H₂O hydrogen-bonding to the oxidized and/or hydrated edge and basal plane sites of MoS₂ in moderate vacuum. The site-specific sorption of water is severely hindered in 1 atm N₂ by the gas molecules disrupting the H-bonding mechanism.