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71.
Solid state phase equilibria in the ternary Fe–Ga–Sb diagram were determined at 600 °C using experimental techniques such as X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. Very limited solid solutions were measured in the binary constituent Fe–Ga and Fe–Sb compounds except for the -phase (Fe≈2.55Sb2) which extends from 42 to 48 at.% Sb. In the Fe-rich part of the diagram, a ternary phase FetGa2−xSbx (2.15≤t≤2.80) was evidenced which corresponds in fact to a solid solution into which Ga and Sb substitute one another on the same hexagonal sublattice. This phase, which can be truly considered as a pseudo-binary one since its origin results from the -phase, shows an extended homogeneity range with a Ga-rich limit corresponding to the formula FetGa0.8Sb1.2. Moreover, it crystallizes in hexagonal symmetry with a disordered structure derivative from the NiAs-type (B81). This pseudo-binary phase is in thermodynamic equilibrium with all the binaries of the system except FeGa3. The main result of the ternary Fe–Ga–Sb diagram remains the existence of a diphasic region between the FetGa2−xSbx phase (1.2≤x≤1.6; 2.15≤t≤2.80) and the semiconductor GaSb. Nevertheless, at 600 °C, this pseudo-binary phase does not extend up to the Fe3GaSb composition which is stoichiometric in Ga and Sb. Finally, a comparative study has been made with the three other ternary systems Fe–Ga–As, Ni–Ga–As and Ni–Ga–Sb previously reported, and the consequences for the solid state interdiffusions in Metal/III–V semiconductor heterostructures are discussed. 相似文献
72.
Fine powders of aluminum were produced in a pilot-plant, inert-gas atomizerwith a confined-design nozzle, which operated vertically upward. Argonand helium at 1.85 MPa and nitrogen at 1.56 MPa were used as the atomizingagent. The morphology of the powder particles was examined by SEM. Powderswere sieved dry and wet. The Sauter mean diameter of the powders varied from20.70 to 10.25 m depending on the atomizing gas. The distribution ofsizes was bimodal. The mean thickness of oxide on the surface of the powderwas calculated from the total oxygen contents of powder samples (determinedby a Leco analyzer). In addition, ESCA measurements and BET tests werecarried out for surface-oxide thickness and area measurements,respectively. The finest powder produced under helium incorporated thinnersurface-oxide layers than the coarser ones produced under argon andnitrogen. This was due to differences in physical properties (such asdensity, thermal conductivity) and flow properties (such as gasvelocity and relative velocity) of the atomizing gases used, i.e., helium,argon, and nitrogen. The oxide was very irregular in thickness in thecoarse-size range of the Al powders produced under argon and nitrogen. Thiswas presumably because of the high- and low-temperature oxidation ofaluminum droplets during the atomization and subsequent solidification andcooling periods leading to the rough surfaces observed with SEMinvestigation in the present work. 相似文献
73.
用电铸方法,采用低应力电镀液,研制出了金刚石-金属复合膜。该复合膜的厚度为20-45μm,可用于制作超薄切割刀具。介绍了用X射线衍射法(xRD)测量多晶体微观应力的基本原理和用X射线衍射法测量镍多晶体显微应变的程序。用单波法计算了电铸金刚石-镍复合膜的显微应变,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了该复合膜的表面形貌。结果发现:阴极电流密度严重影响复合膜的显微应变,在实验所用电流密度范围内(0.6-3.5A/dm^2),随着电流密度的增加,显微应变减小。 相似文献
74.
75.
Danqing Zhu 《Corrosion Science》2003,45(10):2163-2175
This study consists of two parts. In the first part, the corrosion of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy (AA 2024-T3) was studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the anodic S phase (Al2CuMg) particles dealloyed Al and Mg during the 3.5 h of immersion in a neutral 0.6 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution; with the dealloying of Mg being the most severe. Simultaneously, a heavy dissolution was also observed for the surrounding Al matrix of the S phase particles. This Al dissolution is likely to be caused by a local alkalization resulting from the coupled cathodic reaction (water and/or oxygen reduction). Such corrosion in AA 2024-T3, however, can be inhibited efficiently after the treatment of bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (bis-sulfur silane). The associated studies on bis-sulfur silane treated AA 2024-T3 will be presented in the second part. 相似文献
76.
77.
It is shown in this paper that the microscopic mechanism of the dielectric relaxation in Mn-doped strontium titanate (SrTiO3–ST) ceramics is associated with the off-center displacement of ions. This was accomplished by studying the dielectric properties and electron spin resonance spectroscopy in combination with X-ray powder diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy techniques in Sr1−xMnxTiO3 ceramic samples sintered in different atmospheres (air, oxygen and nitrogen) at 1500 °C. First, it is shown that manganese is incorporated into the perovskite lattice of ST, preferably as Mn2+ at Sr sites. However, a small amount of Mn4+ at Ti sites is also observed when fired in air or oxygen flow. The concentration of is the highest for sintering in oxygen, but firing in a reducing atmosphere (nitrogen) results solely in the incorporation of Mn2+ at Sr sites. Correspondingly, the dielectric relaxation observed in Sr1−xMnxTiO3 markedly increases in intensity and slightly shifts towards a higher temperature for ceramics sintered in nitrogen compared with those fired in air or oxygen. All these facts are consistent with a suggestion that the off-center displacement of Mn2+ ions at the Sr sites of the highly polarizable ST lattice is the source of the observed relaxation behavior. 相似文献
78.
Masamitsu Watanabe Etsuko Toyoda Toshihiro Ichino Yasuhiro Higashi 《Corrosion Science》2007,49(2):766-780
Copper plates were exposed under sheltered outdoor conditions for up to one year, starting in September 2001 in Musashino City, Tokyo, a suburban area. Following various periods of exposure, the patinas on the plates were characterized to investigate their evolution by using X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The difference in the roles of sulfur and chlorine in the early stages of copper patination were identified by analyzing the depth profiles of these two elements. Sulfur was found on top of the patina as cupric sulfates such as posnjakite (Cu4SO4(OH)6 · H2O) or brochantite (Cu4SO4(OH)6). Brochantite appeared only after 12 months of exposure. In contrast, chlorine was found on the surface after only one month of exposure. It gradually penetrated the patina as the exposure period lengthened, forming copper chloride complexes. Chloride ions accumulated at the patina/copper interface, forming nantokite (CuCl), which promoted corrosion. 相似文献
79.
表面处理状态对Fecralloy合金氧化膜完整性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了表面粗糙度对Fecralloy (Fe 2 2Cr 5Al 0 .3Y ,质量分数 ,% )合金在 12 0 0℃空气中循环氧化生成表面氧化膜完整性的影响。采用SEM技术着重研究了合金表面氧化膜的性质和特点。结果表明合金表面粗糙度对Fecralloy合金表面氧化膜的完整性有重要的影响 ,初始合金表面粗糙度越大 ,氧化膜越容易开裂。讨论了合金表面粗糙度对氧化膜开裂行为的影响。 相似文献
80.
Danilatos GD 《Journal of microscopy》2011,244(2):159-169
A recently introduced figure of merit for environmental and low vacuum scanning electron microscopes has now been computed in the full operational pressure range for one commercial instrument. The direct simulation Monte Carlo method has been used in lieu of experimental measurements. The theory of this figure of merit is further consolidated. It is shown that a thin pressure limiting aperture can indeed be used as an optimum reference system for all instruments employing differential pumping in the transfer of an electron beam from high vacuum to high pressure. The implications of the results obtained are discussed both in relation to existing commercial instruments and associated literature to pave the way for future progress in the field. 相似文献