西部山地旅游公共服务游客满意度评价研究——以318国道川藏线为例

文章在对相关研究进行文献综述的基础上,以318国道川藏线为例,提出西部山地旅游公共服务5个维度的游客感知假设,选用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)对游客满意度组合模型进行因子分析与假设检验。根据模型拟合结果分析,旅游信息类公共服务在西部山地旅游公共服务中供需矛盾最为突出,其次为旅游交通类公共服务和旅游安全保障管理类公共服务,相对而言,旅游基础设施类公共服务和休闲空间与旅游便民惠民类公共服务供需矛盾较小。该结果为西部山地旅游公共服务体系构建明确了发展方向。     

基于视觉图像的鲅鱼新鲜程度的检测方法

鲅鱼新鲜程度是评价其质量好坏的重要因素。为提高鲅鱼检测新鲜程度准确性,研究基于视觉图像的鲅鱼新鲜程度的检测方法。研究对象是某地海鲜市场中的30条鲅鱼,通过鲅鱼视觉图像采集系统采集鲅鱼视觉图像,利用区域填充算法及形态学开运算对采用大津法分割的鱼体二值图像进行填充及去噪,融合上山法与区域生长方法分割鱼眼区域,通过全局动态阈值分割方法分割鱼鳃图像;提取图像特征时,利用图像的R、G、I分量灰度均值提取鱼体、鱼眼及鱼鳃图像颜色特征,采用G分量提取鱼眼中心区域面积。将图像特征输入到NeuroShell 2神经网络判别模型中,实现鲅鱼新鲜程度的有效检测。经实验验证,该方法检测鲅鱼新鲜程度的准确率平均高达98.28%,依据鱼眼中心区域面积+颜色灰度均值特征进行鲅鱼新鲜程度检测的准确率最高,且检测不同死亡时间的鲅鱼新鲜度的检测准确率高达95%,说明鲅鱼新鲜度的检测为海鲜检测提供了理论基础。     

Appropriate bleaching technique for coconut fiber

Recipes for bleaching of coconut fiber at both ambient and elevated temperature were investigated using appropriate statistical design of experiments using hydrogen peroxide with essential bleaching assisting auxiliaries. The statistical tool is also being utilized to suggest optimized recipe for the treatments considering mainly whiteness index, yellowness index, and tenacity. Statistical computation affirmed need of higher amount of bleaching chemicals in elevated temperature than ambient bleaching. Both the bleaching treatments were resulting in small mass loss essentially of noncellulosic nature including lignin and thus result in improved mechanical properties. The change in whiteness and yellowness index of the bleached fiber under the shed storage condition for duration of 2 years was found to be negligible.     

Fat Mimicking Properties of Citric Acid Treated Sweet Potato Starch

Fat mimicking properties of citric acid treated sweet potato starch were investigated in this present study. Citric acid treated sweet potato starch was prepared by treating the native sweet potato starch with 3% citric acid for 6 h at a temperature of 45°C. Dextrose equivalent value of citric acid treated sweet potato starch was 2.05%. A significant increase in amylose content was noticed in citric acid treated sweet potato starch possibly due to the lyses of amylopectin fractions. The melting temperature of citric acid treated sweet potato starch was 51.44°C, which was close to the melting point of fat. Citric acid treated sweet potato starch exhibited superior water holding capacity and in vitro digestibility. Gel strength and enthalpy (?H) of citric acid treated sweet potato starch were comparatively lower than native sweet potato starch; correspondingly, citric acid treated sweet potato starch confirmed a low pasting profile. Native sweet potato starch and citric acid treated sweet potato starch exhibited a shear-thinning behavior. Acid treatment did not alter the granule size of native sweet potato starch (≈8 µm). Hence, this study concluded that citric acid treated sweet potato starch would be used as a potential fat replacer in food preparations due to its fat mimicking properties.     

Comparative Nutritional,Functional, Morphological,and Diffractogram Study on Culinary Banana (Musa ABB) Peel at Various Stages of Development

The culinary banana peel, which is an agricultural waste available in abundance, has not been able to draw much attention in terms of its utilization. In addition to being an abundant source of functional and nutritional compounds, it also deserves to be utilized in a proper and/or better way. The aim of this study was to explore this agro-waste at different levels of maturity in order to identify the active compounds at particular stage of maturity. Phenolics, flavonoids, and radical scavenging activity were maximum at early developmental stage, whereas compounds like protein, fat, carbohydrates, and starch increased with maturity and declined at over-ripe stage. The starch present in the peel is of C-type as confirmed by x-ray diffractograms and crystalline in nature. The peel, at the edible mature stage 4, yielded a high cellulose content which could be used as a reinforcement material in high-performance biocomposites. The presence of various functional groups indicating the complex nature of the culinary banana peel was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared characterization. Scanning electron microscope micrographs revealed that microstructure of peel changes drastically and degradation of starch and other compounds occurred at the over-ripe stage. Hence, in this context, the culinary banana peel can serve as a potential biomaterial in industrial applications and can add a higher value to this locally important and underutilized crop.     

壳聚糖-乳清分离蛋白复合膜的制备、形态结构及理化性质

以壳聚糖（chitosan,CTS）和乳清分离蛋白（whey protein isolate, WPI）为成膜基质,制备壳聚糖-乳清分离蛋白复合膜（chitosan/whey protein isolate composite film,CWF）,并分析CWF的理化性质。通过测定CWF的拉伸强度、断裂延伸率、水蒸气透过率、透明度,优化CWF的成膜条件为CTS脱乙酰度90%、分子质量300 kD,成膜液pH 3,甘油添加量1.5%,WPI添加量0.5%。CWF的机械性能和剥离性比CTS膜显著改善,WVP和透明度有良好的改善。扫描电镜分析显示CWF的横截面更规则、均匀,且外观为均匀半透明膜。傅里叶红外光谱扫描结果显示CTS、WPI制备CWF时在其分子之间形成了强烈的相互作用,二者有良好的相容性。     

Solution calorimetry: A novel perspective into the dissolution process of food powders

The enthalpy of dissolution of two food powders, maltodextrin and skim milk, was studied by means of isothermal solution calorimetry. The effects of the moisture content and the physical state of the samples were investigated. A reduced exothermic response was found as the moisture content of the samples increased. It was shown that this effect is reversible upon re-drying of the solid, unless crystallization occurs. In the skim milk powder, crystallization of lactose occurred, leading to a less exothermic response. In addition, the dissolution kinetics of single particles was followed in situ with real time video acquisition and a novel image analysis technique. The data showed a significant effect of the physical state of the powder on the dissolution kinetics. Fully amorphous skim milk powder dissolved significantly faster than the recrystallized counterpart. A clear relation was observed between the physical state of the powders, their thermodynamic response and the dissolution kinetics.     

α-Amylolysis of native potato and corn starches - SEM, AFM, nitrogen and iodine sorption investigations

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as iodine and nitrogen sorption measurements were applied to investigate potato and corn starch granules surface after an action of Bacillus subtilis α-amylase. The SEM images revealed holes and pits (corn starch) or scratches (potato starch) on the surface of modified granules. These results were confirmed by AFM investigation which showed the presence of depressions of approximately 121 nm in diameter. Structure of the surface was not uniform. It consisted of small particles, amylopectin blocklets, of approximately 20 nm in diameter. They became more distinctive after α-amylolysis. Values of iodine binding capacity (IBC) obtained for hydrolyzed granules were lower than for native ones which indicated that the amylose and amylopectin chains building their surface were shortened. Specific surface area, volume and average diameter of mesopores increased for both starches after α-amylolysis.     

稻谷储存过程中品质变化研究

通过对3个籼稻和3个粳稻在两种不同温度条件下储存的品质变化研究,探索稻谷储存品质产生的内在原因.结果表明:不同类型的稻谷在储存过程中的品质变化不同,与籼稻相比,粳稻部分指标对高温更加敏感;高温储藏比低温储藏导致稻谷品质劣变的速率大;稻谷糊化特性发生明显的变化,主要表现为峰值黏度,最低黏度,最终黏度和回生值都增大,而衰减值下降;利用物性仪对大米蒸煮后的质构特性测定表明,蒸煮米饭黏度减小、硬度增大、黏/硬减小;蒸煮品尝值与最低黏度、最终黏度极显著负相关,初步认为其可以作为初始判定稻谷陈化指标,但是对稻谷劣变程度的量化还需要进一步深入研究;利用SEM研究稻谷籽粒断面结构,显示:新鲜稻谷的胚乳细胞呈现非裸露状态,比较平滑,复粒淀粉被较厚的造体膜掩盖着,高温储藏下,稻谷横断面越来越粗糙,配入细胞内的淀粉粒裸露清晰可见,复粒淀粉的淀粉粒表面膜翘起并爆开.