甲基肼-水二元体系汽液平衡数据的测定及回归

采用改进的Ellis汽液平衡釜在常压下测定甲基肼(MMH)-水二元体系的汽液平衡数据。用Herington半经验法对其进行了热力学一致性检验。借助化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus中的物性数据回归(Data Regression)功能,关联得到实验数据的Wilson和NRTL活度系数方程参数。用两种方程计算得到的汽相组成与实验数据进行比较,平均偏差分别为0.0185、0.0252。结果表明两种模型都可用于化工工程设计。     

选煤厂中矸仓下加热装置的设计与计算

在重介选煤工艺设计中,中煤和矸石通过脱介筛后不再进一步脱水,直接进入中煤仓和矸石仓,这样中矸仓下的扇形闸门处存在一定量积水。在冬季会由于结冰而导致闸门不能正常打开,为生产带来不便。针对此问题提出了简单实用的加热装置设计方案,根据传热学理论对加热装置的散热功率进行计算,从而确定该装置的加热功率。实践证明,加热装置在现场应用取得了良好效果。     

沥青对水泥沥青砂浆力学性能的影响

采用微机控制电子万能试验机对水泥沥青砂浆(CA砂浆)进行了应力--应变压缩试验,分析了试验过程中CA砂浆的弹性能和耗散能随沥青含量的变化规律。结果表明:随着沥青含量的增加,CA砂浆的强度逐渐降低,脆性逐渐减弱,象征强度弱化区域的有机物--无机物界面的增多是强度降低的主要原因,沥青含量的增加使CA砂浆内释放的弹性能只有小部分用于缺陷的扩展,加之沥青网络结构的横向约束作用导致脆性逐渐减弱。外力功随应变的增加逐渐增大,随沥青含量的增加逐渐减小;弹性能开始向耗散能转化发生在屈服变形阶段,峰值应力后,弹性能向耗散能的转化速率加快,能量迅速释放。能量释放系数随应变的增加逐渐增大,能量释放加快;能量释放系数随沥青含量的增加逐渐增大,表明CA砂浆的阻尼性能提高,减振作用增强。     

Thermal and optical properties of hyperbranched fluorinated polyimide/mesoporous SiO2 nanocomposites exhibiting high transparency and reduced thermo-optical coefficients

A series of hyper-branched polyimide (HBPI)/mesoporous SiO₂ nanocomposite films were prepared from a fluorinated anhydride (6FDA), a fluorinated triamine (TFAPOB), and mesoporous SiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs). The anhydride-terminated precursor of HBPI was functionalized using a coupling agent prior to mixing with SiO₂ NPs. The morphologies and thermal-optical properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated, with particular focus on their optical transparency, refractive indices (n), and thermo-optical (TO) coefficients. The absolute values of TO coefficients (|dn/dT|) of HBPI film (50.8 ppm/K) were significantly reduced to 13.4 ppm/K by homogeneous dispersion of 15 wt% of SiO₂ NPs. The HBPI/SiO₂ composite films exhibited high thermal stability without significant weight loss of up to 400 °C in air. The films also exhibited small coefficients of linear thermal expansion (CTEs) within the range 30–40 ppm/K. In addition, enhanced interfacial interactions between SiO₂ and HBPI significantly improve the optical transparency with cutoff wavelengths shorter than 450 nm. The refractive indices of HBPI/SiO₂ composite films were found to range from 1.477 to 1.502, which agrees well with the calculated values. This study shows that the incorporation of SiO₂ NPs in multi-functional HBPI matrix is a promising approach to prepare high performance thermally stable films for thermo-optic applications.     

基于Fluent的水击泄压阀阻力系数研究

针对长输油管道广泛应用的水击泄压阀,应用CFD方法对其内部流场进行了分析计算。按照实际泄压阀的结构,建立了简化后的二维流场几何模型,根据模拟的流场压力分布计算不同开度、不同开启压力和不同管径下泄压阀的阻力系数,指出泄压阀的阻力系数与开度、管径有关,开启压力对泄压阀的阻力系数几乎没有影响。     

镁-铝类水滑石的摩擦性能

以菱镁矿为原料,通过化学分解--水热法合成镁铝类水滑石,利用月桂酸钠对合成样品进行表面改性,以提高类水滑石粉体在润滑介质中的分散性。月桂酸钠的最佳添加量占浆液质量5%。分别采用微振动(SRV)摩擦实验和四球摩擦实验表征改性类水滑石粉体的摩擦性能。结果表明:类水滑石粉体作为减摩材料,其合理的添加量为30g/L基础油。类水滑石粉体可显著降低摩擦副间的摩擦系数,是一种具有潜在应用价值的减摩材料。     

激励方式对锆钛酸铅钡锶压电陶瓷介电性能的影响

采用扎膜工艺和固相反应法制备了(Pb0.70Ba0.26Sr0.04)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PBSZT)压电陶瓷。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射表征PBSZT陶瓷的结构和物相组成,用电容介损测试仪表征压电陶瓷的介电性能与激励场强,通过自建电路集成直流电源、标准电容,在低频频率特性测试仪上得到偏场强度对压电陶瓷介电性能的影响关系。结果表明:压电陶瓷材料的介电性能随着加载的电场强度的增大先逐渐升高,而后出现拐点开始降低;在偏压电场中,自由电容CT随正向偏场强度的增加逐渐减小,但随着反向偏场强度的增加逐渐增大。tanδ则随着正、反偏场强度的增加均呈现上升;压电陶瓷的机电耦合系数kp与偏场强度的关系是以0点为界,随着负偏场增强,kp略显下降,反之,随正偏场增强,kp缓慢增大。因此,压电陶瓷应用时应避开强场损耗高点;并在环境中施加正向偏场,有助于抑制压电陶瓷性能衰减。     

Analysis of the Shrinkage Effect on Mass Transfer During Convective Drying of Sawdust/Sludge Mixtures

Convective drying of wastewater sludges and sawdust/sludge mixtures was studied. The first part of this work was an experimental study performed in a cross-flow convective dryer using 500 g of wet material extruded through a disk with circular dies of 12 mm. The results showed that the sawdust addition has a positive impact on the drying process from a mass ratio of 2/8, on a dry basis, with observed drying rates higher than the original sludge. The second part of this work consisted of developing a drying model in order to identify the internal diffusion coefficient and convective mass transfer coefficient from the experimental data. A comparison was made between fitted drying curves, well represented by the Newton's model, and the analytical solutions of the diffusion equation applied to a finite cylinder. Variations of dimensional characteristics, such as the volume and exchange surface of the sample bed, were obtained by X-ray tomography. This technique allowed us to confirm that shrinkage, which is an important phenomenon occurring during sludge and sawdust/sludge mixture drying, must be taken into account. The results showed that both the internal diffusion coefficient and convective mass transfer coefficient were affected by mixing and sawdust addition. The internal diffusion coefficient changed from 7.77 × 10^?9 m²/s for the original sludge to 7.01 × 10^?9 m²/s for the mixed sludge and then increased to 8.35 × 10^?9 m²/s for the mixture of a mass ratio of 4/6. The convective mass transfer coefficient changed from 9.70 × 10^?8 m/s for the original sludge to 8.67 × 10^?8 m/s for the mixed sludge and then increased to 12.09 × 10^?8 m/s for the mixture of a mass ratio of 4/6. These results confirmed that sawdust addition was beneficial to the sludge drying process as the mass transfer efficiency between the air and material increased. Reinforcing the texture of sludge by adding sawdust can increase the drying rate and decrease the drying time, and then the heat energy supply will be reduced significantly. The study also showed that neglecting shrinkage phenomenon resulted in an overestimation for the internal diffusion coefficient for the convective drying of sludges and sawdust/sludge mixtures.     

超声波对表面活性剂溶液的作用试验

通过试验研究了超声波对脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)和聚山梨酯-80(Tween-80)溶液表面张力系数的影响,测量了AES溶液化学需氧量的变化。得到:掺入AES和Tween-80表面活性剂后,水的表面张力系数显著降低了,表面活性剂的浓度越大,其表面张力越小。表面活性剂溶液经超声波处理后:表面张力系数有一定的上升,超声波功率越大、作用时间越长,表面张力系数上升越大;随着超声波作用时间的增加,AES溶液的化学需氧量越来越小,但随作用时间的增加,下降的趋势变慢。     

甲烷的自扩散系数的分子动力学模拟研究

运用分子动力学模拟方法研究了甲烷在较宽温度和压力范围的分子自扩散系数。结果表明,甲烷自扩散系数的模拟值与文献实验值吻合得较好。因此,可以采用分子动力学模拟来代替实验,获得高温高压条件下实验难以测量的甲烷自扩散系数。