巢湖蓝藻酸性多糖的理化性质及其体外抗氧化作用

目的：以从巢湖蓝藻中分离纯化的一种多糖（acidic polysaccharide from Cyanobacteria of Chaohu,CHAP）为研究对象,对其纯度、分子质量、光谱特征、单糖组成、抗氧化作用进行研究,旨在为水华蓝藻资源进行综合开发利用提供有价值的参考。方法：采用60 ℃的热水抽提蓝藻,采用硫酸铵去除其中蛋白质,粗多糖经DEAE-52阴离子交换层析柱分离并用Sephadex G-150进行纯化得到纯化多糖CHAP。结果：CHAP中多糖和蛋白质含量分别为91.49%和0.18%,紫外-可见光谱表明CHAP不含核酸,高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）测定CHAP的分子质量为2.209×105 D,离子色谱（ion chromatography,IC）表明CHAP由6.36%的阿拉伯糖、35.47%的葡萄糖、5.03%的木糖、17.09%的半乳糖、27.36%的甘露糖及一种未知单糖构成。红外光谱表明CHAP是具有α-D-半乳吡喃糖的特征吸收峰的吡喃糖,CHAP的抗氧化作用表明：CHAP对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基和超氧阴离子自由基（O2－·）有较强的清除能力,其IC50分别为276 μg/mL和186.05 μg/mL。CHAP对羟自由基（·OH）的清除能力较弱,清除率不到10%。     

Modulation of the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance,cytotoxicity and antiviral actions of grape seed extracts

Grape seed extracts (GSEs) were investigated in yeast cells harbouring defects in their antioxidant system (regarding the cellular growth and growth recovery from H₂O₂ insult). GSEs antioxidant activity was detected in wild-type and mutant strains Δcta1, Δgsh1 and Δoye2glr1, while pro-oxidant activity in Δsod1 cells was seen. Assessment of proliferation of prostate cancer PC3 and HBV-replicating HepG2 2.2.15 cells treated with GSEs has shown higher cytotoxicity of red grape seed extract (RW) than white grape seed extract (WW) subjective to dose and period of administration. No antiviral effect was detected by measuring the secreted virion particles in HepG2 2.2.15 cells treated with GSEs. The GSEs play a dual antioxidant/pro-oxidant role in vivo according with the cellular antioxidant system deficiencies and exhibit cytotoxic properties in PC3 and HepG2 2.2.15 cell lines, but no antiviral action against HBV.     

茶枝柑皮多糖对PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:研究茶枝柑皮多糖对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:MTT法检测细胞存活率,建立H2O2诱导PC12细胞氧化损伤模型。比色法测定细胞内丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性。结果:100μmol/L H2O2诱导PC12细胞4h,细胞呈现明显损伤形态,细胞内MDA含量升高,SOD和GSH-Px活性降低。茶枝柑皮多糖可明显改善PC12细胞损伤,显著降低细胞MDA含量,极显著提高SOD和GSH-Px活性。结论:茶枝柑皮多糖对H2O2诱导PC12细胞损伤具有明显的保护作用,其作用机制可能与提高PC12细胞的抗氧化酶活性有关。      

广西侗族衣兜的形制与审美特征

以广西侗族衣兜为研究对象,通过田野调研,介绍了侗族衣兜的形制特点和穿着方式,并对衣兜的材质、装饰和工艺手法三方面的审美特征进行了研究和分析,其所代表的侗族服饰艺术体现了侗族人民的勤劳与智慧,热爱生活的美好情感,以及人与自然和谐的朴素审美观。     

利用豆制品生产废水培养油脂酵母的研究

研究了利用豆制品生产废水培养油脂酵母的适宜工艺条件。初始pH为6．5的豆制品生产废水，在接种量为10％的条件下发酵60h，其菌体密度最大，且废水中残糖、残氮量较低。结果表明：利用豆制品生产废水培养油脂酵母可使废水得以资源化利用，同时可降低废水的各项污染指标。     

果腔顶空法分析厚皮甜瓜"银帝"的挥发性成分

采用果腔顶空法结合气-质联用(GC/MS)技术分析了“银帝”厚皮甜瓜的挥发性风味物质。该法共分离出82种化合物,初步定性60种,其中以酯类为主体,主要包括乙酸乙酯、丙酸-2-丁烯酯、羟氨基甲酸乙酯、丁二酸甲酯乙酯和2-甲基丁酸乙酯等。果腔顶空法无需溶剂、简便、快速,减化了传统风味物质测定方法的样品前处理环节, 使所测挥发性风味成分更接近于天然。     

榴莲核黄酮的提取及其对秀丽隐杆线虫氧化和衰老的影响

目的：探究榴莲核黄酮的最佳提取工艺以及提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫氧化和衰老的影响,为筛选缓解氧化、延缓衰老的活性物质提供理论依据。方法：在单因素试验的基础上,采用L9（34）正交试验确定榴莲核黄酮最佳提取工艺条件;体外抗氧化能力采用分光光度法、邻二氮菲-Fe2＋氧化法和邻苯三酚自氧化法分别测定1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率;以秀丽隐杆线虫为模式生物,测定榴莲核黄酮提取物对其寿命、运动能力、生殖能力和瘫痪缓解能力的作用效果,并对其相关抗氧化酶活力进行测定。结果：乙醇体积分数40%、料液比1∶220、超声时间70 min和超声功率400 W为最佳提取工艺条件,黄酮平均提取率可达（9.25±0.05）%;0.5 mg/mL黄酮提取物对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除率分别为92.6%、79.4%和27.0%;黄酮提取物可延长秀丽隐杆线虫寿命,提高其运动能力,不会损害其生殖能力,能够显著降低线虫瘫痪率（P＜0.05）,缓解β淀粉样蛋白毒性作用,并且能够显著提高线虫超氧化物歧化酶活力（P＜0.05）,极显著降低其丙二醛含量（P＜0.01）。结论：榴莲核黄酮提取物在体内外均有一定的抗氧化能力且具有缓解氧化衰老病症的效果。     

基于CAD技术的形态记忆提花面料的设计与生产

将具有形态记忆功能的PTT长丝应用于大提花织物的生产工艺。结合具体实例,探讨了利用纹织CAD软件进行提花织物设计的流程及设计方法,最终获得了一款高贵典雅、具有优良抗皱性能的高档提花面料。同时,测试了该面料的静、动态悬垂性系数和急、缓弹性折皱回复角,并进行了试验分析,结果表明:该面料具有较好的形态记忆性能。     

发酵和焙烤对可可豆多酚、黄酮和风味品质的影响

本实验采用高效液相色谱仪（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）、色差仪、电子鼻分别检测未发酵、发酵和焙烤海南可可豆的总酚含量、总黄酮含量、色度和可可豆风味差异。结果表明：未经焙烤的未发酵豆总酚（464.03 mg/10 g）和总黄酮（126.86 mg/10 g）含量明显高于发酵豆总酚（211.86 mg/10 g）和总黄酮（61.98 mg/10 g）含量。105～145 ℃焙烤30 min,未发酵豆总酚和总黄酮含量分别为419.5～129.8 mg/10 g和77.8～16.8 mg/10 g;发酵豆总酚和总黄酮含量分别为182.53～86.25 mg/10 g和34.7～7.0 mg/10 g。其中,125 ℃焙烤20～40 min,未发酵豆总酚和黄酮含量分别为353.74～289.45 mg/10 g和42.86～32.20 mg/10 g;发酵豆总酚和黄酮含量分别为152.08～123.55 mg/10 g和25.12～21.14 mg/10 g。在105～145 ℃的温度焙烤下没食子酸含量变化显著。可可豆色度值的范围：L*值集中在40.0～47.0之间,a*值集中在5.0～6.8之间,b*值集中在4.0～8.5之间。未发酵和发酵可可豆之间,以及不同温度焙烤可可豆之间的电子感官风味分析结果差异较大。     

Survey on the content of vitisin A and hydroxyphenyl-pyranoanthocyanins in Tempranillo wines

Little is known about the content and development of pyranoanthocyanins, pigments mainly formed during red wine ageing, in commercial wines. Some of the major pyranoanthocyanins in a wide selection of 1–10 years-old Spanish Tempranillo wines and also in a 29 years wide-vertical series of Tempranillo wines from an individual cellar have been determined. Great variability in pyranoanthocyanin concentrations was found (range, mg/l): vitisin A, 0–10.76; pinotin A, 0–4.26; and malvidin 3-glucoside-4-vinylphenol, 0.03–1.37. Vitisin A and malvidin 3-glucoside-4-vinylphenol were already present in 1–2 years-old wines, whereas pinotin A was only detectable in a few of the 1 and 2 years-old wines. Vitisin A tended to decrease with wine age, while hydroxyphenyl-pyranoanthocyanins showed the reverse trend. However, the aforementioned trends were interrupted by various temporary maxima, most likely due to some “refreshment” of the oldest wines (i.e., addition of young wine), as suggested by unexpected high concentrations of malvidin 3-glucoside, in contrast to the results found in the wine vertical series. The effects of addition of young wine on aged wine pyranoanthocyanin concentrations were confirmed by wine refreshment experiments.