Solitary waves,homoclinic breather waves and rogue waves of the (3+1)-dimensional Hirota bilinear equation

In this paper, the $(3+1)$-dimensional Hirota bilinear equation is investigated, which can be used to describe the nonlinear dynamic behavior in physics. By using the Bell polynomials, the bilinear form of the equation is derived in a very natural way. Based on the resulting bilinear form, its $N$-solitary waves are further obtained by using the Hirota’s bilinear theory. Finally, by using the Homoclinic test method, we obtain its rational breather wave and rogue wave solutions, respectively. In order to better understand the dynamical behaviors of the equation, some graphical analyses are discussed for these exact solutions.     

牛肺表面活性物质与猪肺表面活性物质治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效观察

目的: 比较牛肺表面活性物质(珂立苏)与猪肺表面活性物质(固尔苏)治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效和安全性。方法: 本院新生儿重症监护中心2008年1月-2011年8月诊治的120例呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)早产患儿,随机分为珂立苏治疗组和固尔苏治疗组各60例,气管插管分别给予珂立苏和固尔苏治疗,比较两组治疗效果及并发症。结果: 珂立苏和固尔苏均对早产儿RDS有肯定的治疗效果,表现在明显改善机械通气参数、血气分析结果和胸部X线片RDS分级(P<0.05);固尔苏的治疗效果优于珂立苏,特别是机械通气和用氧时间较少(P<0.05);两组间早产儿相关并发症无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论: 珂立苏和固尔苏对早产儿RDS均有肯定的治疗作用且安全性好,固尔苏有疗效优势但珂立苏相对较为经济。     

Supercritical fluid-micronized ipratropium bromide for pulmonary drug delivery

Ipratropium bromide (IB) was micronized by means of a CO₂-based aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES) in order to improve the particle shape and size characteristics for use in inhalation therapy. The particle size parameter most relevant to pulmonary delivery is the aerodynamic diameter. In this study, ASES experiments were conducted using various liquid solvents for IB such as dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanol (EtOH), and mixtures of ethanol and acetone (EtOH/Ac). Several operating parameters were varied including temperature, pressure, IB concentration in the liquid solution, and the solution injection rate. The particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The true density of the particles was measured using a pycnometer and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) determined. The results indicate that the size and morphology of the microparticles are most sensitive to solvent choice. Optimum results were obtained when IB particles were precipitated from DMF. The particles were more regular in shape, slightly elliptical, not agglomerated, and within the aerodynamic diameter range of 0.6-3.0 μm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies indicate no structural deformation as result of the ASES process. The regional depositions of inhaled IB particles were estimated using a multiple-path model of particle deposition (MPPD). The results indicate that IB particles with MMAD in the range of 2-3 μm deposited mainly in the respiratory airways in the lung.     

系统性红斑狼疮合并肺动脉高压16例临床分析

目的分析系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)合并肺动脉高压(PAH)的临床特点,并探讨治疗策略。方法回顾性分析87例SLE的临床资料,按照PAH的诊断标准分为PAH组及非PAH组,对两组的活动性、临床表现、自身抗体、补体进行比较。结果87例SLE患者中合并PAH16例,发生率为18.39%。两组的活动性、补体C3差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PAH组的雷诺现象及肺间质纤维化发生率明显高于非PAH组,两组的自身抗体差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SLE可继发PAH,与SLE的活动性、雷诺现象及肺间质纤维化有一定的关系,与自身抗体无关。治疗应以治疗原发病为主。     

纤维支气管镜联合CD4/CD8检测对肺结节病的诊断价值

目的探讨纤维支气管镜联合CD4/CD8检测在肺结节病中的诊断价值。方法对14例肺结节病的临床资料进行回顾性调查分析。结果 14例患者年龄31～58岁,女性占9例,平均年龄(44±3.4)岁,以呼吸系统症状多见,其中4例为肺外表现。14例均行病理学检查确诊。浅表淋巴结活检4例;皮损活检1例;纤维支气管镜检查14例,确诊率71.4%(10/14)。对纤维支气管镜活检标本进行免疫学检查,结节病病灶中CD4为(59±7)%,CD8为(8.6±2.4)%,CD4/CD8为6.2±2.8,CD4/CD8>3.5者90%(9/10)例,CD4/CD8>5者70%(7/10)。结论提示纤维支气管镜联合CD4/CD8检测在肺结节病中的诊断中有较高的价值。     

2型糖尿病合并肺结核96例临床分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并肺结核诊断与治疗。方法 2004年至2009年我院收治96例2型糖尿病合并肺结核的诊断与治疗进行临床分析。结果早期诊断,尽早应用胰岛素使血糖控制在10mmol/L以下,肺结核预后良好。结论口服降糖药肺结核患者预后差,死亡率高。     

Effect of Trapping on Vortices in Plasma

Microscopic trapping of electrons is considered in one- and two-dimensional potential wells (shallow and deep) and its effect on vortex formation is investigated by deriving modified Hasegawa Mima (HM) equations. Inhomogenieties in the number density and magnetic field are taken into account. The modified HM equations are analysed by considering bounce frequencies of the trapped particles. Solitary vortices are obtained via Kortweg deVries (KdV) type of equations and both exact and Sagdeev potential solutions are obtained. In general it is observed that trapping produces stronger non-linearities and this leads to the modification of the original HM equation.     

基于HHT-MFCC和短时能量的慢性阻塞性肺病患者呼吸声识别

为了优化梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFCC)特征提取算法,提高对呼吸声信号识别的准确率,实现识别慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)的目的,提出了基于希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)的MFCC与短时能量(Energy)融合的特征提取算法HHT-MFCC+Energy.首先,经预处理的呼吸声信号通过HHT计算出Hilbert边际谱和边际谱能量;其...     

The pinhole SPECT for animal model of bone metastasis with SPC-A-1BM human pulmonary adenocarcinoma bone metastasis cell line

The study was to investigate the role of pinhole single photon emission computed tomography （SPECT）, the human pulmonary adenocarcinoma bone-seeking metastasis cell line SPC-A-1BM was used. These cells form typical osteolytic bone metastases when inoculated into the arterial circulation of NIH-Beige-Nude-XD （BNX） mice v/a the left ventricle. In order to evaluate the irradiation impact of ^99mTc-MDP versus X-ray on cells growth, we used six groups of SPC-A-IBM cells in our imaging scheme and irradiated by various doses of ^99mTc-MDP （37, 74, 111, 370, 740 MBq） and X-ray（40 kV, 2 mA, 6 s） respectively. The cell＇s number of each group was well recorded in different exposure time（ 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours ）. After that, SPC-A-1BM cells （1×106） were inoculated into the mice via left ventricle. We compared the results obtained with those different doses of ^99mTc-MDP using pinhole SPECT and conventional X-ray skeletal surveys. The data show that the cell-survival number of 111 MBq group has insignificant difference with that of X-ray and the dose is adequate to have an ideal image. Besides, it is important that the chromosome of the cells in the group of 111 MBq showed no irradiation-related damages in our test. These results implied that ^99mTc-MDP pinhole SPECT may provide another way other than conventional X-ray skeletal surveys in detecting bone metastasis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma in BNX mice.     

Rolling contact fatigue resistance of ductile iron with different nodule counts and matrix microstructures

Thin wall ductile iron castings are being used in the industry as a way to improve the strength to weight ratio of machine parts. The high cooling rate, suffered by thin wall parts during the solidification process, promotes several microstructural changes, such as, carbide precipitation and a noticeable nodule count increment. The present work, studies the effect that the increase in nodule count has on the rolling contact fatigue resistance of ductile iron with different matrix microstructures. Ductile cast iron test samples, with nodule counts ranging between 150 and 1400 nod/mm² were obtained. The samples were then heat treated in order to obtain three sets of different ADI grades and also a quenched and tempered set. The rolling contact fatigue properties were evaluated by using a flat washer type test rig. Different relations of the contact area versus the nodule size were obtained by using three different counterparts. The results show that an increase in the nodule count promotes a noticeable increase in the rolling contact fatigue life, being more important for the quenched and tempered samples. The relation between contact area surface and nodule size was the main variable influencing the rolling contact fatigue life.