低品位热能利用与减缓气候变暖

低品位热能利用受冷源的制约,其可利用能的温度范围较窄,大部分热能作为废热被排放。本文通过新的制冷循环的建立,探索提高低品位热能制冷效率的方法。新的制冷循环以空气或空气中的主要成分为循环工质,由相互连接、相互影响的气动压缩循环子系统、冷量增益循环子系统和低压补冷循环子系统三部分组成。新的制冷循环以低品位热能作为主要能源,电能作为辅助能源,以期达到更高的能效比,从而使制造冷源成为可能。提高低品位热能的利用率,对减缓气候变暖发挥重要作用。     

Design and implementation of a VSC for interconnection with power grids,using the method of identification the system through state space for the calculation of controllers

The paper presents the analysis, design and results of a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) when applying PID Controller. Results were obtained through digital simulation and through physical implementation. VSC allows to control independently the active power and reactive power flow injected to the grid. PID controller was implemented considering the system model. The model is obtained through of the identification using state space.     

造船系统直流手工电弧焊电源选型论证

本文通过船厂焊接工况条件的评价体系,进行船用焊机选型论证、焊接电源外特性、技术经济指标对比后,认为ZXE1-400、500交直流两用弧焊机系船厂用焊接设备的优选品种。     

基于CPLD控制的DDS数字频率合成器设计

介绍了ADI公司新一代DDS芯片AD9952和XILINX公司新一代CPLD产品XC2C128的主要性能，提出了用XC2C128作控制电路，由AD9952构成宽带、低相噪、低功耗数字合成频率源的设计方案，同时对如何提高DDS频谱纯度进行了探讨，给出了超宽带应用电路解决方案。     

钴源退役过程的辐射防护与剂量监测

辐照技术的应用日益广泛，辐射源的退役也越来越受到关注。苏南某单位辐照室建立于20世纪80年代初，2001年4月对最早投入运营的39根钴源进行退役，退役过程分三个阶段，历时48小时。由于经过了精心的准备，采取了有效的防护措施，退径过程没有出现工作人员受超剂量照射的情况。     

高清晰度电视芯片中视频和音频同步的异步实现

高清晰度电视的传输流采用了MPEG－2系统层标准ISO／IEC 13818－1。阐述了高清晰度电视（HDTV）传送流中时间信息码在视频和音频同步中的作用，分析了信源解码器中视频和音频同步的原理。就实际芯片中系统时钟的恢复，视频和音频的跳帧等机制进行了讨论，并提出了一种非锁相异步全数字视音同步实现方案。该方案采用了直接置数法恢复系统时钟,滞后跳帧法实现视频与系统时钟的同步，数字锁相法控制音频与系统时钟同步，最后，对视频帧率和音频PCM时钟的偏差等问题作了进一步的探讨。     

Heat sources — technology, economy and environment

Heat sources for heat pumps in buildings as well as in industry are discussed. Furthermore, some environmental aspects concerning choice of heat source are highlighted. Only systems for heat pumping are included, i.e. air-conditioning types which can also partly work as heat pumps are excluded. Recent heat pump installations in Sweden are mainly in small systems. Ambient air, exhaust air, soil and rock are the most common heat source types. Data on COP, investment costs, working fluids, present Swedish market etc. for these types of heat sources are given. Data on industrial heat pump installations in some countries and distribution of these according to heat pump type and industry sector as well as heat source temperatures are reported. Process integration aspects when choosing heat source size and temperature are also discussed as well as the relation between these parameters and the choice of heat pump type. Finally, the influence on the economy of the heat source temperature is presented. The cost-effectiveness of heat pumps for reducing CO₂ emissions compared with other heating technologies is discussed. The main results are: (1) heat pumps can in many cases in the future contribute to a reduction of CO₂; (2) there is a rather big difference, for larger systems a major difference, between the water-based and the ambient air-based heat pumps in terms of efficient reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.     

弹性波理论研究──关于球面波首项(Ⅰ)

本文推导了球面波在弹性介质中传播的首项公式，包括直达波，反射波和透射波的首项。通过对球面波分解。用柱面波合成球面波；在界面上由压力和速度连续条件，给出了人射波，反射波和透射波的表达式；对汉格尔函数用大自变量展开，用最陡下降法分别求出这三种波的首项解析表达式。     

开放体系下升温速率对烃源岩产气率的影响

采用全岩开放体系程序升温热模拟实验装置,对哈2井三叠系灰黑色泥岩样品进行了不同升温速率对产气率影响的模拟实验研究,结果表明:在350~500℃期间,升温速率快时(20℃/m in)测得的产气量与升温速率慢时(5℃/m in)测得的产气量比较接近;在500℃以上,升温速率快时(20℃/m in)测得的产气量大于升温速率慢时(5℃/m in)测得的产气量。这一结果与前人所做的封闭体系下升温速率越慢产气量越高的结论正好相反,认为这主要是因为本次实验采用的是开放体系,其与封闭体系下的实验反应环境和反应过程不同,升温速率对产气率的影响可能与实验体系有一定关系。     

慢化球中子探测器的有效中心

本文按三种不同形式的微分响应函数计算了球探测器对点源的响应。结果表明,探测器的有效中心在近源半球内,相对几何中心的位移小于1/3球半径。当源与探测器中心之间的距离 D 大于球半径γ约1倍时,对点源响应的实测值乘以1/(1+δγ~2/D~2),将与宽平行束的响应一致;此处δ是依赖于中子能量的系数,其值在1/6—1/4之间。在多数情况下,可忽略探测器的有效中心与几何中心的差异,例如D/γ大于3、5和7时,所引入的误差分别小于3%、1%和0.5%。理论值与利克计数器对~(241)Am-Be 源响应的实验值作了比较,二者在实验误差范围内较好地符合。