国内外酸洗热轧板的生产及发展

介绍国内外酸洗热轧板的生产及发展,并就我国当前酸洗热轧板的发展谈了几点认识。     

硅灰对混凝土耐硫酸腐蚀性能试验研究

为了探究硅灰掺量对酸性环境下混凝土耐久性的影响,以一定浓度的硫酸溶液作为腐蚀介质,研究了硅灰掺量分别为0、5％、10％和15％的混凝土试样随腐蚀时间的变化规律.结果表明:随着腐蚀时间的延长,试样均经历从"返霜"到严重破坏的过程,但硅灰的掺入能较好地保持腐蚀过程中试样的完整性;硅灰的掺入可有效减小腐蚀过程中抗压强度的损失...     

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随着海洋油气钻井向深水领域发展，钻井隔水管的受力越来越复杂，随着水深的增加，钻井隔水管的力学分析显得越来越重要。为此，文章建立了深水钻井时在海流、波浪等海洋环境载荷的作用下，隔水管静态分析及动力学分析的三维有限元力学模型，在研究中，考虑了隔水管在外载作用下的小应变大变形和轴向力影响的特点，引入了非线性理论，因而计算结果更加符合实际情况。考虑了隔水管所受的三维载荷，对深水钻井隔水管的变形及载荷分布规律进行了计算分析。对于深水钻井隔水管，水下中间部位的变形最大；而在隔水管靠近水面的位置，其弯曲载荷最大，而现场隔水管失效事故也恰好证实了此研究结果，揭示了深水钻井隔水管失效的力学机理。在弯曲载荷大的位置，应特别注意隔水管的强度问题。文章还分析了风浪流速度、波浪周期、波高等重要的海洋环境载荷对隔水管变形及强度的影响。     

卡箍型快开盲板头盖的可靠性设计

针对快开盲板头盖常规性设计中不能反映载荷波动的缺点,利用可靠性的分析方法,考虑工作压力和材料屈服强度的不确定性因素,分析随机参数的分布特征,应用Monte Carlo数值计算方法对其进行模拟实际操作工况抽样,结合有限元应力分析求出的危险截面的应力值,进行强度校核。最终得出盲板头盖可靠度在99%以上时,最大工作压力范围为5.5~6.1MPa。同常规设计相比最大工作压力值有较大的提高,证明这种概率性设计方法是客观有效的。     

病态信息检测中检测强度的研究

从降低检测结果中存在的“去真”、“存伪”的概率、提高数据质量出发,提出检测强度的概念。检测强度是指在检测过程中,为达到最理想的检测结果,针对同一个（组）对象所用到的检测项目的数量。检测强度的确定三原则包括：极小简化原则、最大包含原则以及错误定位原则。     

页岩气长水平井段防气窜固井技术

页岩气开发的核心技术为水平井配合大型水力压裂,而固井质量不佳已成为页岩气完井和实施储层改造的主要瓶颈问题。为此,以四川盆地页岩气开发区块为例,探索了水力压裂作用下保持水泥环力学完整性的方法及其配套工艺技术措施。研究结果表明:(1)采用模拟套管刚度的近钻头三扶正器通井钻具组合,可以降低长水平段页岩气井套管下放难度,提高下套管时效和安全度;(2)研制的高效洗油冲洗隔离液体系在常温至120℃下的冲洗效率均大于90%,能够保证水泥浆对油基钻井液的顶替效率和井壁的有效胶结;(3)确定了该区长水平段固井韧性防窜水泥浆凝固后的性能——水泥石弹性模量应小于7 GPa、三轴强度最好大于40 MPa,以减轻和避免压裂时的水泥环破坏;(4)形成的钻井液调整、预应力固井、地面高压泵注工艺等配套技术提高了页岩气井固井质量。2015—2016年期间运用上述系列固井技术在四川盆地开展了85口井固井作业,平均井深4 832 m,平均水平段长1 560 m,固井质量优质率达89.58%;水平井固井后候凝期间无环空带压,钻完井及试油期间环空气窜得到明显改善。结论认为,该配套技术可以保证并提高长水平段页岩气井的固井质量。     

A 3D multilevel model of damage and strength of wood: Analysis of microstructural effects

A 3D hierarchical computational model of damage and strength of wood is developed. The model takes into account the four scale microstructures of wood, including the microfibril reinforced structure at nanoscale, multilayered cell walls at microscale, hexagon-shape-tube cellular structure at mesoscale and annual rings at the macroscale. With the use of the developed hierarchical model, the influence of the microstructure, including microfibril angle (MFA), the cell shape and the wood density (annual ring structure), differences between earlywood and latewood as well as microstructural arrangements and cellulose strength distributions on the tensile strength of wood is studied numerically. Good agreement of the theoretical results with experimental data has been obtained.     

An enhanced FEM model for particle size dependent flow strengthening and interface damage in particle reinforced metal matrix composites

By incorporating the dislocation punched zone model, the Taylor-based nonlocal theory of plasticity, and the cohesive zone model into the axisymmetric unit cell model, an enhanced FEM model is proposed in this paper to investigate the particle size dependent flow strengthening and interface damage in the particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The dislocation punched zone around a particle in the composite matrix is defined to consider the effect of geometrically necessary dislocations developed through a mismatch in the coefficients of the thermal expansion. The Taylor-based nonlocal theory of plasticity is applied to account for the effect of plastic strain gradient which produces geometrically necessary dislocations due to the geometrical mismatch between the matrix and the particle. The cohesive zone model is used to consider the effect of interfacial debonding. Lloyd’s experimental data are used to verify this enhanced FEM model. In order to demonstrate flow strengthening mechanisms of the present model, we present the computational results of other different models and evaluate the strengthening effects of those models by comparison. Finally, the limitations of present model are pointed out for further development.     

The Impact of Selective Oxidation on the Phase Transformation in the Sub‐Surface of Advanced High Strength Steels

The present paper contributes in the discussion of heterogeneous gas/metal reactions by discussing the influence of the dew point (dp) during intercritical annealing on the sub‐surface constitution. Annealing trials with different Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) were carried out and the element distribution within the sub‐surface was analysed by glow discharge optical emission spectrometer (GD‐OES). For modelling purpose the gained element distribution data were adjusted in a way that the selective oxidation products were considered within the sub‐surface element profiles. Several transformation temperatures along the depth profiles according to the adjusted GD‐OES data have been computed for the dp ?30 °C and +5 °C. In all cases the according models have been implemented in Matlab. The thermodynamic data have been obtained via the Matlab‐ThermoCalc interface. Empirical equations have been applied for the determination of the bainite and martensite start temperatures. It is shown that the sub‐surface constitution and the transformation temperature differ significantly. In most cases the change of the transformation temperature within the surface and sub‐surface reaches up to 100 °C compared to the bulk. For a Dual‐Phase (DP) Steel with C(0.15%)Mn(1.7%)Al(1.7%)Cr(0.5%), the change of the A_e1‐temperature is with 300 °C significantly higher. However one has to keep in mind that the 2‐phase composition can not be assumed to be constant during intercritical annealing. It is therefore concluded that for the purpose of simulating the selective oxidation processes during intercritical annealing of AHSS the continuous change of the sub‐surface constitution must be incorporated in the future work.     

Force exertion in awkward working postures-strength capability while twisting or working overhead

Isometric strength data have been collected for three of the awkward work situations often imposed by workplace constraints in industry, as found in jobs such as maintenance and repair. The effects of the task layout factors (location of the workpiece, reach distance and direction of force exertion) were investigated and the data has been tabulated to show the degree to which strength may be reduced in different situations. Strength measurements in the present study were found to be considerably higher than previous measurements, apparently due to differences in instructions on foot placement that were given to subjects, which indicates that even small constraints on posture within the workplace may have large effects on the ability to exert force.