汽车主动悬架系统的有限频域输出反馈控制

为进一步提升汽车悬架系统动力学性能，提出一种基于启发式两步法的静态输出反馈控制方法。为了更好地研究悬架动力学行为，建立一种经典的1/4车主动悬架系统模型用于控制分析与设计。考虑到人体对4~8 Hz频内的垂直振动异常敏感，给出一种有限频域下的性能判据作为控制设计的指导。同时，在控制设计中考虑了悬架行程和轮胎动位移两种机械硬约束，以保证悬架系统的动力学稳定性。由于难以在线获取实际悬架系统中所有状态信息，提出一种新的基于启发式两步法的有限频域输出反馈控制方法。数值仿真及台架试验结果表明：与传统的全频域输出反馈方法相比，该方法具有更好的控制性能。     

用悬浮法从沥青和树脂制备微米球炭

研究了以沥青和酚醛树脂为原料制备微米级炭小球的方法及工艺参数对小球收率及球径和球形度的影响。沥青炭球是通过在以聚乙烯醇为表面活性剂的甘油中加热沥青的四氢呋喃溶液得到的。相对于甘油沥青产率为5％。结果显示沥青球的收率和球径与沥青及聚乙烯醇的浓度具有密切关系。树脂微球是在500mL反应器中，以水为加热介质，聚乙烯醇为表面活性剂，加热RESOL型酚醛树脂的乙醇溶制得的。结果表明树脂的浓度对固化树脂微球的球径具有显著影响。     

Investigation of High-Velocity Suspension Flame Sprayed (HVSFS) glass coatings

High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying (HVSFS) has recently emerged as a potential alternative to conventional HVOF-spraying: employing liquid suspensions instead of dry powder feedstock enables the use of very fine grain-sized particles, resulting in small-sized lamellae. Thin, low-porosity coatings can thus be manufactured. This paper details the first attempt at manufacturing glass coatings using the HVSFS technique: these coatings can have multiple applications (anti-corrosion coatings on metal and ceramic substrates, bio-compatible coatings, etc). A CaO–ZrO₂–SiO₂ glass frit was selected for this attempt. Excellent potentialities emerged (very low porosity), but some problems still existed (big “droplet-like” features on the coating surface), which have recently been largely overcome thanks to process modifications.     

Suspension concentration profiles during rapid gravity filter backwashing

Rapid gravity, granular media filters are widely used in the water and wastewater treatment industries. Regular backwashing to clean the filters is a vital part of their efficient operation. Experimental data on the development of suspension concentration profiles through laboratory scale filter beds during the backwash process were obtained. Previous attempts to obtain and record backwash profiles of this type have been unsuccessful due to the limited range of existing turbidimeters. The results have been used to validate a new model developed by the authors.     

Operating parameters for suspension and solution plasma-spray coatings

The interest to manufacture on large surfaces thick (i.e., 10 to 20 μm, average thickness) finely structured or nano-structured layers is increasingly growing since about 10 years. This explains the interest for suspension plasma spraying (SPS) and solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS), both allowing manufacturing finely structured layers of thicknesses varying between a few micrometers up to a few hundred of micrometers. SPS aims at processing a suspension of sub-micrometric-sized or even nano-metric-sized solid particles dispersed in a solvent. The liquid solvent permits to inject particles in the thermal flow (i.e., due to their size, a carrier gas cannot play this role). SPTS aims at processing a solution of precursors under the same conditions. Upon evaporation of the liquid, the precursor concentration increases until precipitation, pyrolysis and melting of small droplets. Compared to conventional plasma spraying, SPS and SPPS are by far more complex because fragmentation and vaporization of the liquid control the coating build-up mechanisms. Numerous studies are still necessary to reach a better understanding of involved phenomena and to further develop the technology, among which injection systems, suspension and solution optimizations, spray kinematics, etc. This review presents some recent developments in this field.     

Design of the synthesis of fine HA powder for suspension plasma spraying

Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) is a bioactive material being frequently used as a coating onto implants. The typical coating technology is air plasma spraying with the use of coarse powder. The resulting coatings are relatively thick (about 200-400 µm) and porous. Much thinner coatings being 5-40 µm thick, can be obtained by emerging technology of suspension plasma spraying with the use of powder particles having the diameters ranging from a few submicrometers to a few micrometers. The paper describes the way of synthesizing and preparing such fine powder starting from an aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate (H₂(PO₄)NH₄) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)·4H₂O) using statistical design of experiments (DOE). The design was made using composite matrix including a full factorial plan, star points and 3 experiments in the centre. The crystal phases purity and the mass of powder batch were the optimized responses of the powder synthesis and the concentration of calcium ions and volume of ammonium hydroxide were the experimental variables. The synthesized material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The powder was calcined and crushed using a milling machine with zirconia balls and resulting morphology and size of fine particles was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laser sizer correspondingly. The powder was then formulated into water and alcohol based suspension and the zeta potential was determined to understand its capacity of agglomeration. It was found out that the formulation of the suspension with the use of ethanol slightly favours dispersion of solid particles in the suspension. The initial tests of water based suspension plasma spraying onto titanium substrate were also carried out and the XRD phase analysis of obtained coatings was carried out the presence of HA and its phases of decomposition.     

高烈度地震区大跨度悬索桥中央扣形式的选择与创新

以雅康高速公路泸定大渡河特大桥为研究背景，建立该桥的空间动力计算模型，采用非线性时程分析方法研究了刚性中央扣、柔性中央扣和耗能中央扣三种形式对结构抗震性能的影响。耗能中央扣首次将防屈曲耗能钢支撑构件应用于悬索桥，利用钢材良好的滞回耗能性能消耗地震输入能量，保护桥梁主体结构免遭破坏。研究结果表明耗能中央扣的综合性能大大优于传统的刚性中央扣和柔性中央扣，是适用于高烈度地震区大跨度悬索桥的一种理想的中央扣形式。     

麦弗逊悬架参数化与仿真优化系统的构建

为方便对麦弗逊悬架进行改进与优化,利用ADAMS/View二次开发功能构建麦弗逊悬架的运动分析系统。该运动分析系统包括参数化设计对话框与仿真优化对话框。在参数化设计对话框内可以根据设计需求直接修改硬点坐标和车轮定位参数;而在仿真优化对话框内则可以通过编写用户自定义函数,建立自定义的优化目标对麦弗逊悬架进行仿真优化。利用该系统对某款电动汽车的麦弗逊悬架进行参数化设计与仿真优化,通过对比优化前后的仿真结果,证明该系统可以达到良好的优化效果,并验证仿真系统的可用性。     

汽车磁流变半主动悬架控制策略对比研究

在分析磁流变减振器的结构与原理的基础上,建立起较为简化的汽车磁流变减振器数学模型。同时,建立了1/4汽车半主动悬架系统动力学模型及路面谱模型;分别设计了基于磁流变半主动悬架系统的天棚控制器、地棚控制器、PID控制器及模糊控制器,并利用Matlab/Simulink软件进行了仿真试验对比研究。在天棚控制策略下,车身加速度降低16.32%,悬架动挠度降低16.91%;在地棚控制下,车身加速度降低11.29%,悬架动挠度降低2.94%;在PID控制下,车身加速度降低79%,悬架动挠度反而上升73%;在模糊控制下,车身加速度降低21%,悬架动挠度降低12%,轮胎动载荷降低5%。结果表明,模糊控制磁流变半主动悬架有效减小了车身加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动载荷,明显地提高了汽车乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性。     

Heat flux profile of the furnace wall of a 300 MWe CFB boiler

It is important to properly understand and calculate the distributions of the heat flux and the heat transfer coefficient in a furnace for designing a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, especially for one with supercritical parameters. An experimental study of the heat transfer in a commercial 300 MWe CFB boiler was conducted in this work. The heat flux from the bed to the waterwall was measured by a heat flux meter at four different heights. The influence of suspension density and bed temperature was analyzed by measuring the pressure profile and temperature profile in the furnace. In addition a numerical modeling study on the two phase flow in the furnace was carried out. The results indicate that the density of the solids suspension was non-uniform in the cross section at a certain height, and decreased gradually with increasing furnace height. Consequently, the distribution of heat flux in the horizontal plane was non-uniform and decreased along the height of the furnace. The heat flux showed a decreasing trend near the center.