拟声波反演技术在优质泥页岩储层预测中的应用——以焦石坝页岩气田为例

四川盆地焦石坝地区下志留统龙马溪组下部沉积了一套较厚的海相暗色泥页岩,由于其含气的优质泥页岩储层速度、密度变化小,波阻抗响应特征不明显,利用常规波阻抗反演技术进行优质泥页岩的定量预测存在困难。为此,提出了利用拟声波反演进行优质泥页岩定量预测的技术,即基于优质泥页岩具有高TOC值的这一特征,首先利用小波多尺度分解技术提取声波测井曲线中的低频信息,再利用信息融合技术将TOC曲线与原始声波曲线重构成拟声波曲线,结合该区地震数据和稀疏脉冲波阻抗反演技术实现了优质泥页岩的定量预测。预测结果表明:该区龙马溪组下部的优质泥页岩整体发育,主体部位优质泥页岩厚度大于35m,由东北向西南优质泥页岩厚度增加。拟声波反演预测结果与后续实钻结果基本一致,预测误差小于1m,同时龙马溪组优质泥页岩的纵横向展布特征也得到了有效刻画。     

基于TOC和OTE的生产瓶颈识别与优化

TOC思想即约束理论是平衡生产线的一个重要工具,它告诉我们可以通过查询瓶颈以及经过利用资源消除瓶颈来达到生产线平衡;而OTE是生产线产能的一种量化指标,而这种生产线指的是具有多台设备联系在一起的生产流程。在介绍TOC思想和OTE计算公式的基础上,利用Witness仿真软件对生产系统建模与仿真,结合TOC和OTE来识别在不同需求下的生产系统瓶颈,提出解决瓶颈的优化方案,改进生产系统,在考虑成本的情况下增加整个系统合格产出,以及提高整个系统的产能。     

基于瓶颈的制造单元两阶段群组调度程序与仿真

为解决具有瓶颈的制造单元调度问题,提出了一种以瓶颈为基础的两阶段群组调度方法.该方法充分运用瓶颈机器,使所有零件的最大完成时间最小化.为评估调度方法的绩效,文章建立了两阶段群组调度程序的5机制造单元仿真模型.仿真实验结果证明,本方法不仅平均总完工时间最短,而且是绩效表现最稳定的调度方法.     

Utilization of clays and zeolites for coagulation treatment of municipal wastewater

This study is to evaluate the role of clays and zeolites on the coagulation and ion exchange treatment of municipal wastewater. Clay minerals used included kaolinite, montmorillonite, halloysite, and bentonite. Zeolites used included mordenite, faujasite, silicalite, and synthetic zeolite‐A. Clays and zeolites proved to be rather ineffective in decreasing the turbidity. Clays and zeolites showed a limited succes in removing Na from the wastewater. Most zeolites appeared to be quite effective in removing Ca and Mg from the wastewater with about 100% removal efficiency for Ca at a dosage of 2.0 g/l. The TOC removal efficiency of primary effluent ranged from 14 to 34% at a dosage of 1.0 g/l. Bentonite and silicalite were most effective in removing organic carbon from primary effluent.     

确定烃源岩有效排烃总有机碳阈值的方法及应用

针对油气地质学中排烃源岩难以识别的问题,依据生排烃原理,利用常规烃源岩有机碳和热解（Rock-Eval）分析测试参数,建立了判别排烃源岩的实用方法。该方法主要基于生烃量参数[I_HC=S₁/w（TOC）]和沥青转化率[w（A）/w（TOC）],判别排烃源岩的总有机碳阈值,高于该值的烃源岩即为排烃源岩。根据分析测试资料,对准噶尔盆地和三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组、酒泉盆地营尔凹陷和青西凹陷白垩系下沟组以及鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段的排烃源岩进行判别,判别效果较好,应用该方法时要求烃源岩的母质特征与热演化程度接近。由于气态烃易散失,所以采用的参数主要反映烃源岩中生成的液态烃量。该方法对于油源岩的判别更为有效。     

强化常规水处理工艺对降低水的致突变率的影响

本文利用一些研究者的试验资料论证了通过强化常规水处理工艺 ,降低水的TOC ,Euv ,CODMn和降低水的致突变率MR的正相关关系 ,并建议水厂生产中将TOC、Euv、CODMn列入常规水质检测工作 ,指导生产     

Operation and control of flow manufacturing based on constraints management for high-mix/low-volume production

The existing technology of flow manufacturing, which is mainly appropriate for high volume and repetitive production, is proven difficult to be applied in high-mix/low-volume environments. To adapt lean production into the latter, a new type of flow manufacturing is proposed based on flow path management technology. This paper first describes the general operation framework of the proposed new mode. The main idea is the dynamic formation of adaptable virtual production lines (called flow paths) corresponding to different product families. The application of different theories of constraints/drum-buffer-rope (TOC/DBR) control policies depends on the differences in scope of variety and scale of demand for these product families. The overall architecture of the proposed mechanism of constraint management-based operation and control is introduced. For the implementation, a mathematical programming method is suggested for the dynamic planning of flow paths, and a TOC/DBR ‘path-specific’ mechanism with group scheduling is used for the control over each flow path.We also study other critical issues including the identification and management of resource bottlenecks, and the setting of the buffer size in the deployment of the TOC/DBR mechanism.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中南部长7油层组页岩气含量计算

鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组长7油层组具有丰富的页岩气资源,利用测井资料准确计算未取心井的页岩气量具有重要意义。首先,利用烃源岩测井响应特征和重叠图法识别长7油层组页岩;其次,利用多元回归法针对页岩建立有机碳含量(TOC)测井解释模型,并结合测井资料计算吸附气量;最后,建立孔隙度解释模型,结合Hossin公式间接计算游离气量。结果表明,研究区长7油层组页岩含气总量为3.09~5.55 m3/t,平均值为4.11 m3/t;其中吸附气量为2.83~3.77 m3/t,平均值为2.97 m3/t;游离气量一般为0.07~2.51 m3/t,平均值为1.14 m3/t。     

Comparing TOC with MRP and JIT: a literature review

Since the early 1980s, manufacturing philosophies such as manufacturing resource planning (MRP), just-in-time (JIT), and theory of constraints (TOC) have emerged as distinct, viable, and competitive planning and control systems for improving the organisational performance. Comparative literature outlines many similarities and differences among these philosophies and attempts to answer the question: what is the best choice? With this question in mind, this paper reviewed the journal articles comparing TOC with MRP and JIT and provided specific future research directions. Although TOC is shown to compete effectively against MRP and JIT and thereby, holds promise, the results are still inconclusive primarily because the majority of journal articles lack in one respect or the other in terms of realistic examples modelled, breadth of characteristics considered, rigorous methodology employed, and depth of statistical analysis performed. In terms of future research directions, we develop a comprehensive list of characteristics by drawing on the literature reviewed and suggest some specific empirical as well as analytical research streams.     

A fully fuzzified,intelligent theory-of-constraints product-mix decision

The present research work outlines a fuzzified approach using fuzzy linear programming (FLP) using a suitably designed smooth logistic membership function (MF) for finding fuzziness patterns at disparate levels of satisfaction for theory of constraints-based (TOC) product-mix decision problems. The objective of the present work is to find fuzziness patterns of product-mix decisions with disparate levels of satisfaction of the decision-maker (DM). Another objective is to provide a robust, quantified monitor of the level of satisfaction among DMs and to calibrate these levels of satisfaction against DM expectations. Product-mix decision should take into account considerations such as the DM's level of satisfaction (sometimes called ‘emotions’) in order to make the decision a robust one. Sensitivity of the decision has been focused on a bottleneck-free, optimal product-mix solution of a TOC problem. The inefficiency of traditional linear programming (LP) in handling multiple-bottleneck problems using TOC is discussed using an illustrative example. Relationships among the degree of fuzziness, level of satisfaction and the throughput of modified TOC guide decision-makers (DM) under tripartite fuzzy environment in obtaining their product-mix choice trading-off with a pre-determined allowable fuzziness.