南方古生界页岩吸附特征及主控因素

南方古生界巨大的页岩气潜力近年来受到广泛关注。重点研究了南方古生界页岩的吸附特征及其控制因素。对采集的19件页岩样品,主要进行了矿物组成分析及等温吸附实验,并对典型样品开展了热模拟实验,研究了不同温度点的等温吸附容量,探讨了很高成熟度阶段页岩的吸附性能。结果表明,上二叠统页岩最大吸附量范围在0.21～5.63cm³/g之间,下志留统-下寒武统页岩最大吸附量范围在1.66～3.32cm³/g之间。页岩TOC含量是控制页岩吸附容量的主要因素。TOC含量越高,页岩的吸附容量越大。黏土矿物的吸附能力弱,其对页岩吸附容量的贡献一般被有机质所掩盖。成熟度是影响页岩吸附能力的另一关键因素。对于EqR_O或R_O<3.6%的样品,其吸附容量随着成熟度的增加而增加,但当EqR_O或R_O>3.6%,进一步增加成熟度,页岩的吸附容量有降低的趋势。     

硫酸钠模拟样中有机物的中温气化实验研究

将乙醇、甲苯、苯酚、苯胺和硝基苯等5种有机物及其混合物分别和硫酸钠配制成模拟样,采用中温气化的方法,研究在对应有机物的沸点及附近温度时的气化速率及处理后其在硫酸钠中的残留（以TOC计）。实验结果表明,不同有机物气化速率最快的温度点不同,在加热时间为120 min后气化速率明显下降且基本稳定,在加热时间为180 min后,硫酸钠模拟样中有机物去除率均达到99.99%以上,TOC小于4 mg/kg。5种有机物的混合物模拟的气化速率曲线与1种有机物的基本吻合。     

Distributions of environmentally hazardous elements in the Tertiary oil shale deposits from NW Anatolia,Turkey: A statistical analysis

The environmentally hazardous element concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, S, and Zn) and element–organic matter relations of the oil shale deposits in six different fields in NW Anatolia, Turkey, were investigated and the characteristics of fields were compared. The enrichment factor (EF) for most of the trace elements in the studied oil shales generally show enrichment patterns for all the fields. Only Cr, Hg, and Pb for oil shale samples from the Bahçecik field samples and Hg for oil shale samples from the Gölpazar? field samples are depleted. Arsenic in the Bahçecik field samples and Hg in the Himmeto?lu field samples are neither depleted nor enriched. The lowest and highest element enrichments in these fields are determined to be Hg and S, respectively. In general, all elements have high concentrations in the Beypazar? and Seyitömer fields and low concentrations in the Himmeto?lu, Bahçecik, and Gölpazar? (except for As) fields. A positive correlation at significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was observed for total organic carbon content with Cd in four of the fields, with Cu and S in two fields and with Cr, Mn, and Zn in only one field.     

热镀铝锌带钢化学后处理探讨

简述镀铝锌镀层的结构特点以及主要应用领域和优点.为了能够确保镀铝锌板能够适应各种环境,摸索了4种镀铝锌板的化学后处理方法,重点描述了镀铝锌耐指纹和钝化后处理的生产工艺流程,并通过热负荷试车阶段对辊涂机的调试,摸索了膜厚控制的关键工艺参数.通过对镀铝锌耐指纹产品的九项评价试验,证实宝钢的产品在性能方面已与国外同类产品相当.     

面向订单的瓶颈资源识别与单机成组作业调度

具有分类设置与提交时间的单机成组作业调度问题明显是NP-Hard问题。一些问题的多项式求解方法不能保证求取最优解。一些启发式算法无法保证瓶颈资源多目标最优。基于改进禁忌搜索算法,建立了此类单机成组作业调度模型,可搜索到该问题的最优解。仿真结果表明,该算法性能优于WSPT启发式算法,能够解决面向订单的多品种小批量生产企业中的瓶颈识别与多目标排产问题。     

不同深度氧化处理制浆废水色度、TOC和AOX效果比较

对含有毒性物质的制浆废水进行了不同的实验室深度氧化(AOPs)处理,如H2O2、Fenton试剂(H2O2/Fe2+)、UV辐射,UV/H2O2、光助Fenton(UV/H2O2/Fe2+)、O3和O3/H2O2.研究了不同处理方法对废水色度、TOC和AOX去除率的影响,并对处理最佳工艺条件进行确定.对比实验结果显示:Fenton试剂(H2O2/Fe2+)可取得最好的废水处理结果,TOC、色度和AOX去除率分别可达88%、85%和89%.另外,因为光助Fenton处理效果可与Fenton试剂效果相当,但因其较快的反应速度而越来越受到关注.     

烃源岩总有机碳含量测井预测模型探讨——以陆丰凹陷文昌组为例

测井参数与烃源岩总有机碳（TOC）含量之间存在某种响应关系,可以利用测井参数对TOC进行预测。建立了陆丰凹陷文昌组烃源岩TOC和电阻率曲线、声波时差曲线、中子孔隙度曲线、自然伽马曲线和密度曲线之间的多元回归模型、BP神经网络模型和曲线叠合模型,探讨了3种模型对TOC预测效果的差异。结果表明,多元回归模型对陆丰凹陷文昌组半深湖亚相、三角洲前缘亚相烃源岩的TOC预测效果较好,对滨浅湖亚相的预测效果较差;BP神经网络模型比多元回归模型预测的效果好;曲线叠合模型预测效果较差。在实际应用中,BP神经网络模型适用于测井参数与TOC难以用显式函数表达,且有足够大数据量的地层;多元回归模型适用于测井参数与TOC有明显相关性的地层;曲线叠合模型适用于伽马曲线对黏土和有机质含量响应明显的地层,并且目标曲线在非烃源岩层能较好叠合。通过对以上模型的分析,可向该坳陷其他次级凹陷推广应用。     

笔石与页岩有机质的富集关系及其贡献率——以四川盆地南缘YS118井为例

中国南方地区下志留统龙马溪组发育高碳富含笔石的黑色页岩,然而作为页岩重要的生物输入,目前有关笔石对有机质富集的影响、生烃机理等方面的研究则较少,并且关于笔石对有机质的富集作用也还存在着争议。为此,基于对四川盆地南缘典型井YS118井龙马溪组底部的124块页岩样品的笔石丰度、全岩总有机碳含量(TOC)、围岩TOC以及能谱对笔石和围岩的分析测试结果,分析笔石的元素组成,厘清龙马溪组底部优质页岩段纵向上笔石丰度变化特征,探讨P. persculptus带—C. vesiculosus带笔石丰度与有机质富集关系,定量表征不同笔石带笔石体对有机质的贡献率。研究结果表明:①龙马溪组页岩中笔石体碳元素含量较高(27.23%～32.25%),碳元素是笔石构成的主要元素之一;②笔石TOC大于围岩TOC,笔石较围岩更富集碳元素;③全岩TOC明显高于围岩TOC,且笔石丰度与全岩TOC相关性较好,笔石是页岩有机质的重要贡献者;④P. persculptus带和A. ascensus带中的笔石体对有机质的贡献率分别为58.5%、55.3%,笔石是页岩中有机质的主要来源;P. acuminatus带和C. vesiculosus带中的笔石体对有机质的贡献率分别为24.23%、13.65%,笔石和其他生物共同控制有机质的丰度。结论认为,笔石丰度反映了页岩中有机质富集的程度。     

中国东部中小型断陷盆地陆相页岩气成藏潜力分析——以阜新盆地为例

中国东部地区发育大量的中生代中小型断陷盆地,盆地内陆相富有机质泥页岩沉积厚度大,白垩纪的火山活动加快了区内页岩中所含有机质的成熟,为页岩气成藏提供了有利的先决条件。为了分析上述断陷盆地陆相页岩气的成藏潜力,以阜新盆地为例,根据最新的钻井资料、岩心和岩屑测试数据,重点分析并评价了该区富有机质页岩厚度、展布、总有机碳含量(TOC)、烃源岩有机质热演化成熟度(Ro)、储集能力和可压性等6项成藏要素,进一步结合页岩储层的特征,研究了该区陆相页岩气的成藏潜力并提出了下一步勘探开发的建议。研究结果表明:?我国东部中小型断陷盆地陆相页岩具有储层总厚度大、TOC高和热成熟度适中等3项页岩气成藏的有利条件,以及页岩储层厚度横向变化大、储集能力偏低和可改造性偏差等3项不利条件;?陆相页岩TOC高(平均值为5.4%),在中生代火山活动的作用下有机质热演化程度较高(Ro1.2%),位于生气窗内,页岩气成藏具备优越的物质基础;?海相页岩气开发所采用的水平井多段压裂技术在陆相页岩气开发中的效果值得商榷,应积极探索陆相页岩气直井纵向多层立体开发技术;(4)较之于海相页岩气,陆相页岩气单井产量更低,故需要加强断陷盆地陆相页岩气单井经济产能评价工作。结论认为,我国东部断陷盆地多与阜新盆地类似,具备页岩气成藏的物质基础,是陆相页岩气勘探突破的新方向;下一步勘探的重点是找到高储集能力区、落实易改造层段。     

Joint geophysical and geochemical evaluation of source rocks – A case study in Sayun-Masila basin,Yemen

Integration of geophysical and geochemical approaches is used for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of source rocks. The Upper Jurassic rocks in the Sayun-Masila basin are used as a case study due to its high hydrocarbon potentiality. Stratigraphically, these rocks could be differentiated from base to top into: Shuqra, Madbi and Nayfa formations. The total organic carbon (TOC) values were determined in the shale and/or carbonate intervals of these formations from four studied wells by the ΔlogR method using sonic, resistivity and gamma-ray log data. Then the discriminant analysis was applied in differentiating source from non-source rocks. Also, the effect of the burial and thermal histories on the organic material maturation and the oil and/or gas generation was studied through the application of two analytical methods, namely, the level of organic metamorphism (LOM) and the time-temperature index (TTI), depending on the corrected temperature logs integrated with the time and depth data. The reliability of the obtained results has been confirmed and combined with the results supplied from geochemical analyses. The Upper Jurassic sediments are found to be oil–prone source rock in a mature stage. The Madbi Formation is considered as the most effective source rock. The burial and thermal histories of the basin in four modeled wells showed that mature oil generation window and hydrocarbon expulsion would have been initiated in the depocenters from Upper Jurassic Madbi Formation source rock during Late Cretaceous to Middle Miocene time.