鄂尔多斯盆地富县区块中生界页岩气成藏条件与勘探方向

鄂尔多斯盆地富县区块靠近盆地中心,发育大套黑色页岩,是页岩气成藏的有利区,分析其成藏条件对于明确该区页岩气下一步勘探方向具有重要意义。为此,根据页岩气成藏类型及成藏要素,对该区页岩分布、页岩埋藏深度、有机质丰度及类型、有机质热演化程度、孔隙度和渗透率、微裂缝、等温吸附特征与含气性等成藏条件进行了分析。结论认为：该区中生界延长组“张家滩页岩”具备页岩气富集成藏的条件;页岩厚度、有机碳含量、干酪根类型、成熟度、埋深和裂缝发育程度是该区页岩气勘探选区评价的关键地质参数。结合勘探过程中钻井气测异常的分布情况,指出该区块西南部和中部为下一步应关注的2个有利勘探目标。     

页岩气储层有机碳含量与测井参数的关系及预测模型

页岩气储层总有机碳(TOC)含量是页岩气评价的重要参数,如何准确确定TOC含量是页岩气勘探开发研究的一个关键问题。以黔江地区下志留统龙马溪组为研究对象,通过页岩气储层有机碳含量测试和钻井测井资料的统计分析,研究了TOC含量的测井响应特征,优选了体积密度（DEN)、自然伽马(GR)、自然电位（SP)和声波时差（AC)4条测井曲线作为特征向量,建立了TOC含量的BP神经网络预测模型,改进了BP神经网络算法,并对黔江地区1口页岩气井下志留统龙马溪组TOC含量进行了预测和对比分析。结果表明：基于测井参数的BP神经网络模型具有极强的非线性逼近能力,能真实反映页岩气储层TOC含量与测井参数之间的非线性关系,预测结果与实测值之间误差小,相对误差一般小于10%。     

基于TOC与OEE的生产电子看板系统

针对工厂生产管理中的产能约束与瓶颈问题,对生产瓶颈监测和生产流程改善等方面进行了研究,对TOC理论、OEE指标和电子看板三者结合开发生产电子看板系统的思路进行了归纳,提出了一种基于工业以太网现场采集及输出节点模块WAGO750-881的生产瓶颈挖掘和OEE损失分析的电子看板系统。利用新的瓶颈挖掘和生产流程改进方法在钻头生产企业中的生产线中的应用进行了效果测试。实验结果表明,钻头生产线的瓶颈工序为铣凹槽,在39.8%的OEE损失中由凹槽机待料所引起的占19.2%,所设计的电子看板系统可以提高企业的工作效率和流程改进效果。     

Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment by combined anaerobic baffled reactor and UV/H2O2 processes

Combined processes of biological anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and UV/H₂O₂ at a laboratory scale were studied to treat a synthetic slaughterhouse wastewater. In this study, the total organic carbon (TOC) loadings of 0.2-1.1 g/(L day) were used. The results revealed that combined processes had a higher efficiency to treat the synthetic slaughterhouse wastewater. Up to 95% TOC removal was obtained for an influent concentration of 973.3 mgTOC/L at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.8 days in the ABR and 3.6 h in the UV photoreactor. Meanwhile, up to 97.7% and 96.6% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD₅) were observed in the ABR for the same influent concentration, respectively. Comparatively, for an influent concentration of 157.6 mgTOC/L, the UV/H₂O₂ process alone with the TOC loading of 0.06-1.9 g/(L h) was also studied, in which, up to 64.3%, 83.7%, and 84.3% of TOC, COD, and CBOD₅ removal were observed, respectively, at the HRT of 2.5 h with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration of 529 mg/L. It was found that individual ABR and UV/H₂O₂ processes enhanced the biodegradability of the treated effluent by an increased CBOD₅/COD ratio of 0.4 to 0.6. An optimum H₂O₂ dosage of 3.5 (mgH₂O₂)/(mgTOC_in h) was also found for the UV/H₂O₂ process.     

高级芬顿反应处理染料废水的影响因素及工艺条件优化

通过实验分析高级芬顿体系处理染料废水的影响因素,并获得优化的工艺条件。结果表明各种因素对评价指标的影响顺序不同,但过氧化氢的影响始终是最大的。对COD去除的优化工艺为:H2O2浓度为300 mg/L,Fe2+浓度20 mg/L,H2C2O4浓度为15 mg/L,pH为3.0,时间为40 min。对TOC去除的优化工艺为:H2O2浓度为300 mg/L,Fe2+浓度20 mg/L,H2C2O4浓度为20 mg/L,pH为3.0,时间为60 min。在优化的工艺条件下能有效的降解3种染料,降解速率顺序为GR>X3-B>KN-R。处理后的废水COD去除率可达到80%,TOC去除率达到70%。     

电厂反渗透及离子交换除盐系统去除水中有机物的试验

该文介绍了安徽省火电厂锅炉补给水处理系统中反渗透及离子交换除盐系统去除水中TOC的情况,比较了不同水处理工艺去除水中TOC的情况。结果表明省内火电厂的除盐水TOC含量基本上都能满足《火力发电机组及蒸汽动力设备水汽质量》(GB/T 12145—2008)中对除盐水TOC含量的要求。除盐水TOC含量主要取决于所采用的水处理工艺流程,基于反渗透的水处理工艺对水中的TOC去除率最高,除盐水的TOC含量也最低。     

基于测井参数的煤系烃源岩总有机碳含量预测模型

复杂沉积环境下,烃源岩物性差异较大。经相关性分析揭示了煤系烃源岩TOC含量与各测井参数间存在相关性差异较大、各测井参数间含有互相关关系的特点。采用平均影响值(MIV)方法对测井参数进行筛选,筛选后的测井参数进入最终的BP神经网络建模,从而有效地规避了测井信息间的非相互独立性导致的模型预测误差增大及建模时间增加。依据研究区实验分析的TOC含量数据,分别建立适用于煤系烃源岩的Δlog R,BP神经网络和遗传算法(GA)优化的BP神经网络TOC含量预测模型。对模型试算分析,结果表明:GA改进后的BP神经网络模型预测效果最好,稳定性强,受烃源岩非均质性影响程度小,可以精细地反映煤系烃源岩TOC含量的细微变化。     

Source Rock Characteristics,Organic Maturity,and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Lower Paleozoic Sequences in the Taurus Belt of Turkey

Abstract

Like elsewhere in the world, Lower Paleozoic (Cambrian-Ordovician-Silurian) formations in Turkey are also exposed in limited areas. Lower Paleozoic sequences are exposed at various parts of the Taurus belt in southern Turkey. In this study, organic matter content, type, and maturity of organic matter and their hydrocarbon potential were investigated. In addition, the Lower Paleozoic is very restricted with respect to species and their diversity. Therefore, it is very important to investigate type and content of organic matter within the Lower Paleozoic sediments. In general, total organic carbon (TOC) values of Lower Paleozoic sequences are extremely low. TOC could not be measured in Cambrian, Ovac?k, and Çaltepe limestones. Shales in the Emirgazi region have very low TOC values. Ordovician and Silurian units also have low TOC values. Total organic carbon in these sequences is residual carbon. In the S ₂-TOK kerogen diagram, all organic materials are plotted in the Type III kerogen field. All samples were composed dominantly of residual organic matter and lesser amounts of Type III kerogen. According to T _max values, the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian formations are over maturity character. In addition, these sequences have very low S ₁, S ₂, and HI values.     

On‐line monitoring of wastewater quality: a review

Real‐time monitoring of wastewater quality remains an unresolved problem to the wastewater treatment industry. In order to comply with increasingly stringent environmental regulations, plant operators as well as instrument manufacturers have expressed the need for new standards and improved comparability and reliability of existing techniques. A review of currently available methods for monitoring global organic parameters (BOD, COD, TOC) is given. The study reviews both existing standard techniques and new innovative technologies with the focus on the sensors' potential for on‐line and real‐time monitoring and control. Current developments of biosensors, optical sensors and sensor arrays as well as virtual sensors for the monitoring of wastewater organic load are presented and the interests and limitations of these techniques with respect to their application to the wastewater monitoring are discussed. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry