超声空化作用于水中天然有机质特性研究

利用超声空化作用去除水中天然有机质(Natural Organic Matter,简称NOM)不会产生消毒副产物.研究了采用低频高功耗率的超声处理富里酸溶液,结果表明:由于超声空化的热解及氧化作用,随着声功率及富里酸溶液浓度的增加,溶液的pH、ORP逐渐减小,溶液的温度、浊度逐渐增加,体系中加入盐酸后能够放大超声作用.作为水中NOM浓度的替代参数,UV<,254>在超声作用下缓慢增加,而总有机碳(TOC)的超声降解符合准一级反应规律,在20min超声作用之后,TOC去除率由21.2%增至31.6%,加入盐酸后,由24.7%增至34.8%.该研究可为超声协同其他工艺进行水处理提供放大设计依据.     

Degradation of DMSO by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes

The present study investigates the oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by conventional ozonation and the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The major degradation products identified were methanesulfinate, methanesulfonate, formaldehyde, and formic acid in ozonation process. The subsequent degradation of intermediates shows that methanesulfonate is more resistance to ozonation, which reduces the mineralization rate of DMSO. The effect of t-butanol addition and ozone gas flow dosage on the degradation rate was evaluated. The rate constant of the reaction of ozone (k(D)) with DMSO was found to be 0.4162 M(-1)S(-1). In the second part of this study, DMSO degradation and TOC mineralization were investigated using O(3)/UV, O(3)/H(2)O(2) and UV/H(2)O(2) processes. In all theses processes the degradation of target organics is more pronounced than TOC removal. The efficiencies of these processes were evaluated and discussed. The formation of sulfate ion in all AOPs have been identified and compared with other processes. Overall it can be concluded that ozonation and ozone-based AOPs are promising processes for an efficient removal of DMSO in wastewater.     

Effects Of Catalysts During Ozonation Of Salicylic Acid,Peptides And Humic Substances In Aqueous Solution

The oxidation of two model molecules (salicylic acid and a peptide) and humic substances in aqueous solution was studied using ozone in the presence of various catalysts. Experiments were performed in reactors operated either in batch (TOC_o = 2.5 mg C.L^?1) or in semi-continuous flow mode (TOC_o = 42 mg C.L^?1).     

二次优化在过热汽温控制中的应用

热力系统过热汽温具有大延迟和大惯性的特点,常规串级PID控制只有两维三参数,无法实现最优控制。提出一种二次优化控制原理,针对过热汽温模型对象的时滞特征,将时滞因子导致的无穷维状态用有限维状态来逼近,确定控制器的基本结构和参数,再返回无穷维,得到无穷维的观察器和控制器。二次优化控制将Smith预估器和状态反馈相结合,既消除了时滞环节,同时提高了系统的响应速度和鲁棒性。     

遗传算法在多品种小批量模式MPS中的应用

结合准时制生产和约束理论,以“关键设备产能”和“产品提前期”两大约束为重心,确定以关键工作中心利用率最高和提前/拖期罚款最少作为MPS模型的两个目标,提出了一种多品种、小批量生产模式下企业MPS的双目标排单模型的建立思路和方法;应用遗传算法对模型进行优化计算,通过对企业实例数据的运行结果分析,验证了方案的有效性。     

Hydrogen gas production from food wastes by electrohydrolysis using a statical design approach

Hydrogen gas production was investigated by electrohydrolysis of food waste due to its high organic content. Different voltages generated by DC power supply were applied to food waste in order to produce hydrogen gas. Effects of the DC voltage, reaction time and initial solid content on cumulative hydrogen gas production, hydrogen gas content in the gas phase and total organic carbon (TOC) removal were investigated by using a Box-Behnken statistical experiment design approach. The most suitable voltage/reaction time/solid content values resulting in the highest hydrogen gas content (99%), the highest cumulative hydrogen gas formation (7000 mL) and total organic carbon removal (33%) were determined as 5 V/75 h/20%. The results indicated that food wastes constitute a good source for H₂ gas production by electrohydrolysis. Hydrogen gas produced by electrohydrolysis of food waste can be directly used in fuel cells due to its high putrity.     

基于数据驱动的全流程模锻生产过程专家系统

阐述了我国锻造生产线现状,介绍了国内外统计过程控制研究和应用的概况,指出在我国锻造生产环境中实施统计过程控制所面临的困难。基于工序单元采用约束理论对锻造生产过程进行分析,寻求瓶颈环节或关键环节作为监控重点;将质量管理工具SPC分析方法应用于锻造生产过程,实时监控瓶颈环节或关键环节,通过局部优化最终得到整个生产过程的稳定;根据模锻生产的特征以及SPC分析方法中定义的5大影响因素搭建专家知识库,利用主流的机器学习算法进行知识的获取。基于以上研究,设计基于数据驱动的全流程模锻生产过程专家系统,用以实现模锻生产过程全流程的实时监控、稳定性分析以及生产过程的优化。     

叠前地震反演方法对比分析——焦石坝页岩气藏勘探实例

日益趋热的页岩气勘探与常规天然气勘探相比,其储层预测技术有显著差别。本文以四川盆地焦石坝地区为例开展页岩气层段的叠前弹性参数反演技术研究: 1充分考虑页岩气储层特性建立其弹性参数模型并进行AVO正演分析,可知页岩气表现出“弱AVO响应”特征; 2对比分析基于道集的反演与基于部分叠加的反演,认为前者更适合刻画五峰组-龙马溪组一段内高含气泥页岩层段储层特征,所得反演结果分辨率较高且与钻井资料吻合; 3应用基于道集叠前方法反演的弹性参数预测泥页岩层段的总有机碳含量(TOC),圈定优质泥页岩层段分布范围,并为页岩气开发井位设计提供可靠依据。     

污染源废水中TOC与COD的相关性研究

采用岛津公司的TOC自动分析仪测定不同行业的工业废水和污水处理厂排水中的TOC,同时用实验室的标准方法测定COD。将获得的数据运用统计学的方法加以回归分析,建立线性回归方程,进行相关性检验;并利用回归方程将TOG值换算成COD值后,与实验室分析的实测值比较,计算相对误差。结果表明,涉及的14家企业排放废水中的TOC与COD之间均存在显著的相关性,相关系数为0．718～0．981（各家企业的有效样本数为12～20）;其中9家企业计算的相对误差均小于20％,可以满足污染源水质在线监测的要求,而其余5家企业由于排放废水的成分比较复杂或发生变化,计算的相对误差较大,其定量关系可根据实际情况加以修正。该研究对目前国家实施的节能减排和有机污染物总量控制等举措具有重要意义。     

Downtime variability: the impact of duration–frequency on the performance of serial production systems

It is intuitively appealing to measure downtime in terms of total time lost (i.e. frequency times duration). However, the same total downtime can be produced by an infinite number of frequency/duration combinations. This study reports the findings of a computer simulation study on the impact of varying combinations of downtime frequency/duration pairs on performance of serial production systems. The research reported here clearly shows that different downtime frequency/duration combinations affect serial production lines differently even when the total downtime remains equal. Analysis suggests that long duration, infrequently occurring variation has a much more negative impact on system performance than short duration, frequently occurring variation.