Effect of heat transfer channels on thermal conductivity of silicon carbide composites reinforced with pitch-based carbon fibers

In this study, silicon carbide (SiC) composites reinforced with pitch-based carbon fibers and composed of heat transfer channels were fabricated by combining chemical vapor infiltration and reactive melting infiltration method. It was observed that the internal heat conduction skeleton of pitch-based carbon fibers was sequentially formed. The thermal conductivities from room temperature to 500 °C along through-thickness direction and in-plane direction were investigated. The results showed that C_pf/SiC composites with heat transfer channels possessed excellent thermal conductvity in two directions, and the thermal conductivity increased with increasing volume content of heat transfer channels. The thermal conductivity in through-thickness direction reached 38.89 W/(m·K), and that for in-plane direction reached 112.42 W/(m·K). Theoretical calculations were empolyed to study the temperature dependence of the C_pf/SiC composites. The variations in slope A′ and intercept B′ values of fitted curves were in good agreement with the experimental results. To verify the reliablilty of the theoretical model, the C_pf/SiC composites were heated at 1650 °C for 2 h and the thermal conductivity exhibited further improvement due to the formation of more perfect crystalline structure. Thermal conductivity through thickness direction improved to 43.49 W/(m·K), and that in in-plane direction improved to 142.49 W/(m·K), which could be identified by the theoretical model. Finally, the leading edge model was established by using ABAQUS finite element analysis software to evaluate the potential application of the composites. Owing to the outstanding thermal conductivity, the leading edge obtained by using C_pf/SiC composites in this study exhibited lower temperature gradient and a more uniform temperature distribution. Moreover, less thermal stress and displacement were generated during heating process.     

Unique surface structure resulting in the excellent long-term thermal stability of Fe4Sb12-based filled skutterudites

The evolutions of the phase composition, microstructure, and thermoelectric properties of BaFe₄Sb₁₂ materials at 773 K in vacuum were investigated to evaluate their long-term thermal stabilities. It was observed that the interior of the BaFe₄Sb₁₂ exhibited excellent thermal stability, while the surface decomposed into FeSb₂, Sb, and Ba₅Sb₃. However, the decomposition rate sharply declined with increasing annealing time, and the thicknesses of the decomposition layer was approximately 49 μm after annealing for 30 days. Thermoelectric performances negligibly changed during the annealing process, and the dimensionless figure of merit remained in the range of 0.61 ± 0.02 at 800 K. The unique decomposition layer, wherein Ba₅Sb₃ compounds enriched in the outermost layer and along the FeSb₂ grain boundaries, served as a dense protective cover to effectively retard the Sb sublimation, resulting in excellent long-term thermal stability. This work provides a plausible explanation for the long-term thermal stability of Fe₄Sb₁₂-based filled skutterudites.     

Thermoelectric properties and thermal stability of metal-doped cuprous sulfide thermoelectrics

Mn doping and S-evaporation are strategies used to improve the thermoelectric properties and thermal stability of cuprous sulfide thermoelectric materials. Cu_1.8S and Mn-alloyed Cu_1.8S powders were prepared via ball milling, and different samples were obtained via current-assisted sintering at different times. It was found that Mn and S-evaporation optimized the carrier concentration and thus improved the figure of merit (ZT) of the samples. The introduction of pore defects induced by S-evaporation also improved the ZT. The maximum ZT of the optimized sample reached 0.89 at 500 °C. Mn in the samples reacted with oxygen to form an oxide film on the surface of the block, which inhibited the kinetic process of Cu_1.8S decomposition and improved the thermal stability of the samples. However, the reaction between Mn and oxygen led to a continuous loss of metal cations in the material, resulting in changes in the thermoelectric properties.     

聚苯乙烯/氧化石墨烯复合建材的制备与保温性能研究

通过聚苯乙烯(PS)与氧化石墨烯(GO)共混,制备聚苯乙烯/氧化石墨烯(PS/GO)保温建筑材料,并对PS/GO阻燃性能以及保温性能进行研究。结果表明:GO含量为6%时,4号样品的综合性能最好。4号样品的LOI值为33.4%,阻燃等级达到V-1,热释放速率峰值(pHRR)为525.76 kW/m²,总产烟量(TSP)为629.37 m²。此外,4号样品具有较低的导热系数0.034 2 W/(m·K),并且吸水率以及水蒸气透过系数均满足标准值,说明其可以有效应用于建筑保温材料。     

多孔液体设计制备及性能分析研究进展

多孔液体（porous liquids,PLs）作为一种新型材料,由于兼具固体多孔性和液体流动性,在催化、储能、石油化工、光电材料、气体吸附分离、气体储运、生物医药等领域具有广泛的应用前景。但多孔液体制备过程中存在合成路线复杂、有机溶剂挥发、液体黏度大、久置沉淀等问题,制约了多孔液体的进一步发展与应用。本文围绕多孔液体的设计制备过程中存在的可行性、稳定性、流动性及碳捕集性能等问题,阐述了多孔液体的种类,综述了近年来多孔液体制备方法和流程以及多孔液体内核外冠结构对稳定性、流动性的影响,概述了目前多孔液体在碳捕集方面的研究进展。最后对多孔液体在制备合成方面的挑战进行了归纳总结,在气体吸附分离及其他方面的应用进行了展望。     

Solar irradiation and PV module temperature dispersion at a large‐scale PV plant

When evaluating the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system, it is extremely important to correctly measure the plant operating conditions: incident irradiation and cell temperature. At large‐size PV plants, the possible dispersion of the plant operating conditions may affect the representativeness of the values measured at one single point. The available literature contains many observations on irradiance dispersion (typically associated to high temporal resolution experiments) and its effects on the PV power output (unexpected power transients, power fluctuations, etc.). However no studies have been made on the long‐term energy‐related effects of geographic dispersion of solar irradiation, which could affect, for example, to the uncertainty in determining energy performance indexes like PR. This paper analyses the geographical dispersion in the PV operating conditions observed at low temporal resolutions (day, month and year) at two PV plants located, respectively, in the south of Portugal and the north of Spain. It shows that daily irradiation deviations are significantly higher than is commonly supposed. Furthermore, once the measurement points are a certain distance apart (a few hundred metres), the deviations in irradiation appear to be independent of distance. This could help to determine how many irradiance sensors to install in order to reduce uncertainty. Daily mean temperature differences between different points at a large‐scale PV plant range from 1 to 7 K and are not related to the distance between measurement points. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BTBCT-Tb~(3+):纳米氧化物粒子合成及表征

本文采用溶剂热液法合成纳米氧化物乳液,在纳米硅中引入无机及金属离子,使制备的BTBCT-Tb3+:纳米氧化物乳液的稳定性更好。以4,4'-bis(1',1',1'-trifluoro-2',4'-butanedione-6'-yl)-chlorosulfo-o-terphenyl(简称BTBCT)为配体、铽为中心离子,纳米氧化物为载体,制备BTBCT-Tb3+纳米氧化物分散液,采用SEM、TEM、荧光光度计进行表征。研究表明,制备的BTBCT-Tb3+:纳米氧化物粒子的粒径为50~60nm、BTBCT-Tb3+纳米氧化物缓冲溶液分散液存放时间大于6个月;BTBCT-Tb3+:纳米氧化物分散液的特征与Tb3+的特征发射峰491,546,587nm处相同,且在546nm处强度最大。     

输液管用SEBS高效低毒抗氧体系的研究

以多次挤出、加速降解为评价方式,采用全自动白度仪、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、电子万能测试机、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)以及差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)等手段,研究了不同抗氧剂对聚苯乙烯氢化二烯烃嵌段共聚物(SEBS)稳定性的影响。结果表明,纯SEBS的热稳定性差,经5次热加工后,氧化诱导期由初始的14.6min降到5.4 min,黄色指数从15.16增大至27.45,摩尔质量分布宽度从1.232增加到1.540,力学性能则降低至初始值的50%,且在热氧和剪切的作用下,SEBS易发生氧化降解生成羟基、羰基等含氧基团。加入四种不同抗氧体系后,输液管用SEBS的热稳定性均有一定程度的提高,而添加高效低毒抗氧体系E330/168的输液管用SEBS的热稳定性最好,随热加工次数增加,黄色指数无明显变化;经5次热加工后的重均摩尔质量为11.15万g/mol,较未加抗氧剂的SEBS高42%,摩尔质量分布为1.256,较未加抗氧剂的低18%;抗氧体系E330/168有效地抑制了SEBS在加工过程中的氧化降解,从而使其各项性能得到良好的保持。相对抗氧剂1010和626,抗氧剂E330/168不仅高效,而且具有低毒性、低致畸性和低水溶性,更适用于输液管用SEBS。