长碳链烷基聚硅氧烷的成膜性与膜形貌

为了解功能性聚硅氧烷的柔软作用机理,用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等仪器研究了长碳链烷基聚硅氧烷的成膜性和膜形貌。结果表明,在纤维及其模拟基质单晶硅表面,长链烷基聚硅氧烷均可定向排列形成粗糙的疏水性硅膜,在2μm2扫描范围内,该硅膜的均方根粗糙度达到了0.199 nm。     

Suitability of thin layer models for infrared-hot air-drying of onion slices

Onion slices were dried under different processing conditions applying infrared radiation assisted by hot air. Drying temperature, slice thickness, inlet air temperature and air velocity were varied to study the drying behavior. Thin layer models such as Page, modified Page, Fick's and Exponential models, which are used to describe the drying kinetics of food materials, were tested for the combination mode drying. The linear plots for Page and modified Page models gave a better fit (R²=0.980-0.995) over the other two models (R²=0.767-0.933). A combined regression equation developed to predict the drying parameters (k and n) for all the four models gave a fairly good fit (R²=0.852-0.989). The modified Page model gave better predictions for drying characteristics over the other models.     

Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophobic Bagasse Hemicellulose-based Films

To improve the hydrophobicity of bagasse hemicellulose-based films, glutaraldehyde was applied when preparing films of original and cationic bagasse hemicellulose with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol and sorbitol. The results showed that the cationic modification could increase the hydrophobicity of the hemicellulose-based film, and the hydrophobicity of hemicellulose-based films crosslinked with glutaraldehyde also increased. However, cationic modification of hemicellulose decreased the stress of the hemicellulose-based film. While crosslinking with glutaraldehyde increased the stress of both the original and cationic hemicellulose-based films. Macrophotography indicated that the film formability of the original hemicellulose was better than that of cationic hemicellulose. Through SEM observation, the degree of bonding of different components of the films was found to be increased due to crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The crosslinking reaction between glutaraldehyde and hemicellulose was further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy.     

改性壳聚糖复合膜的制备及优化

以壳聚糖为原料经改性制备的巯基化壳聚糖为成膜基质,再添加结冷胶、甘油、氯化钙和纳他霉素,通过流延成膜制备复合膜.以膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸汽透过率以及透光率为考查指标,对结冷胶、甘油、氯化钙和纳他霉素进行单因素实验,然后通过Plackett-Burman (PB)试验和最陡爬坡试验确定对膜拉伸强度影响显著的因素以...     

膜渗透蒸发/GC-MS测定纺织品中多氯联苯

采用膜渗透蒸发/气相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了纺织品中多氯联苯的测定方法。优化的试验条件为料液浓度50~1 000 μg/L,温度43 ℃,Na2SO4含量0~1%,流速380 mL/min。本方法对目标化合物的检测限均低于0.03 mg/L,加标回收率在76.66%～118.71%,相对标准偏差小于12%。     

谷氨酰胺转氨酶对大豆蛋白／PVA 复合薄膜性能的影响

以大豆蛋白和聚乙烯醇（ PVA）为主要原料,以抗张强度、断裂伸长率、透光率、吸水率为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了谷氨酰胺转氨酶（简称TG）对大豆蛋白/PVA复合薄膜性能的影响。试验结果表明：当反应pH为5．0,反应温度为55℃,TG添加质量分数为0．20‰时得到性能最佳的复合薄膜;在最佳条件下,薄膜的抗张强度、断裂伸长率、透光率和吸水率分别为8．06 MPa,89．97％,30．8％和46．43％。     

亚麻籽胶的成膜性和起泡性

亚麻籽胶的成膜性受其浓度和甘油浓度的影响。随着亚麻籽胶浓度的增加,膜的拉伸强度增加,断裂伸长率降低,透湿性增加,透氧性降低。随着甘油浓度的增加,拉伸强度下降,断裂伸长率上升,透湿性和透氧性均增加。亚麻籽胶具有较好的起泡能力和泡沫稳定性。     

玉米醇溶蛋白膜的降解性能和水蒸气透过率的研究

对玉米醇溶蛋白（zein）与3%油酸增塑的玉米醇溶蛋白（OA-zein）膜的降解性能和水蒸气透过率进行了研究,实验结果表明：zein膜和OA-zein膜具有良好的抗酸性,但在pH 10以上时开始发生降解,蛋白酶水解实验表明了24h内蛋白膜不被酶水解.这些数据说明了蛋白膜在人体内不能被消化,但在碱性环境中可以降解.水蒸气透过率实验证明了蛋白膜所具备良好的阻气性能,可以作为疏水性的包覆材料应用于医药、食品和化工领域.     

减少针织纱细节的技术措施

为了减少针织纱细节,提高成纱质量,运用系统棉纺工艺学的思想,针对针织纱生产过程中细节形成的原因进行了纺纱试验.针织纱细节与原料中的含短纤维量、牵伸工艺配置、机械设备、操作和清洁等因素有关.通过采取合理配棉、优选工艺参数和新型纺纱器材、加强挡车操作和设备的维护保养等措施,减少了针织纱细节,针织纱质量达到乌斯特2001公报5%～25%水平.     

共干燥技术在蛋白质/多糖膜制备中的应用

为了改善蛋白基可食性膜的阻水性和机械性，选择大豆分离蛋白作为基料，多糖藻酸丙二醇酯（PGA）、果胶、卡拉胶、芦荟多糖作为增强剂，甘油作为增塑剂，考察共干燥技术在形成蛋白质／多糖复合型可食性膜中的应用，及对膜阻水性和机械性的影响。研究结果表明，蛋白质和多糖通过共干燥法比多糖直接加入法所形成的膜的机械性、阻水性均有一定程度的改善。而且，在两种多糖的加入方式下，形成的SPI／多糖膜的WVP由低到高都可依次排为：SPI／藻酸丙二醇酯〈SPI／果胶〈SPI／卡拉胶〈SPI／芦荟多糖。